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Q6:
Define population and community.
Solution :
1. Conceptual Definition: Population
In biological sciences, a population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species that occupy a specific geographical area at a given time, function as a unit, and share or compete for similar resources [Per Ecological Hierarchy].
Key attributes of a population include:
- Interbreeding: Individuals within a population have the potential to interbreed with one another.
- Demographic Properties: Populations exhibit specific characteristics such as $N$ (population size), $d$ (population density), $b$ (birth rate), $d$ (death rate), and $age$ $distribution$.
- Genetic Unity: Populations are characterized by a collective gene pool, which is subject to evolutionary forces such as natural selection and genetic drift.
2. Conceptual Definition: Community
A community (or biological community) refers to an assemblage of populations of different species that coexist in the same environment and interact with one another in a structured manner [Per Community Ecology Theory].
Key attributes of a community include:
- Interspecific Interactions: The structure of a community is governed by complex interactions, including competition, predation, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism.
- Trophic Complexity: A community is defined by its food web and the flow of energy across various trophic levels.
- Species Diversity: Communities are measured by their species richness and the relative abundance of various populations present within the habitat.
3. Comparative Analysis: Population vs. Community
| Attribute | Population | Community |
|---|---|---|
| Composition | Individuals of a single species. | Assemblage of many different species. |
| Interactions | Intraspecific (within species). | Interspecific (between species). |
| Focus | Demographics and gene pool. | Diversity, stability, and trophic structure. |
4. Visual Schematic: Ecological Hierarchy
Final Solution: A population is a localized group of individuals of the same species capable of interbreeding, whereas a community is a complex interaction network formed by multiple different populations of species living within the same habitat.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations EXERCISES
- Q1: List the attributes that populations possess but not individuals.
- Q1: List the attributes that populations possess but not individuals.
- Q2: If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (\(r\)) of the population?
- Q2: If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase ((r)) of the population?
- Q3: Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
- Q3: Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
- Q4: An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree?
- Q4: An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree?
- Q5: What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
- Q5: What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
- Q6: Define population and community.
- Q7(a): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (a) Commensalism
- Q7(a): Define the following term and give one example for it: Commensalism
- Q7(b): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (b) Parasitism
- Q7(b): Define the following term and give one example for it: Parasitism
- Q7(c): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (c) Camouflage
- Q7(c): Define the following term and give one example for it: Camouflage
- Q7(d): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (d) Mutualism
- Q7(d): Define the following term and give one example for it: Mutualism
- Q7(e): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (e) Interspecific competition
- Q7(e): Define the following term and give one example for it: Interspecific competition
- Q8: With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
- Q8: With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
- Q9: Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
- Q9: Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
- Q10: List any three important characteristics of a population and explain.
- Q10: List any three important characteristics of a population and explain.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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