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Q9:
Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
Solution :
Theoretical Foundation: Defining Parasitism
Parasitism is a specialized type of interspecific interaction (an ecological relationship between two different species) classified under the category of $ (+, -) $ interactions. In this dynamic, one organism (the parasite) derives its nutritional requirements at the direct expense of another organism (the host), leading to a reduction in the biological fitness of the host [Per the Ecological Interaction Theory].
Step 1: Identifying Key Characteristics of Parasitism
- Nutritional Dependency: The parasite relies on the host for metabolic resources.
- Host Fitness Reduction: The host experiences physiological stress, growth inhibition, or reproductive decline [By the Principle of Selective Pressures].
- Host Survival: Unlike predation, parasitism typically does not result in the immediate death of the host, as the parasite requires a living host to continue its life cycle.
Step 2: Analytical Comparison of Interaction Models
| Interaction Type | Effect on Species A | Effect on Species B |
|---|---|---|
| Predation | (+) | (-) |
| Parasitism | (+) | (-) |
| Mutualism | (+) | (+) |
Step 3: Evaluating the Definitive Statement
Based on the biological definition of ecological interactions, the statement that best explains parasitism is: "One organism is benefited and the other is harmed."
Step 4: Theoretical Justification
The parasite is benefited ($+$) because it gains energy and nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, etc.) without having to expend the metabolic cost of hunting or gathering in a free-living state. The host is harmed ($-$) because the energy diverted to the parasite reduces the host's capacity for its own homeostatic maintenance, growth, and reproduction [Per the Law of Minimum Energy Expenditure].
Final Solution: The most accurate statement defining parasitism is: "One organism is benefited and the other is harmed, specifically where the parasite resides on or within the host to draw nutrition while causing it physiological detriment."
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations EXERCISES
- Q1: List the attributes that populations possess but not individuals.
- Q1: List the attributes that populations possess but not individuals.
- Q2: If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase (\(r\)) of the population?
- Q2: If a population growing exponentially double in size in 3 years, what is the intrinsic rate of increase ((r)) of the population?
- Q3: Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
- Q3: Name important defence mechanisms in plants against herbivory.
- Q4: An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree?
- Q4: An orchid plant is growing on the branch of mango tree. How do you describe this interaction between the orchid and the mango tree?
- Q5: What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
- Q5: What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
- Q6: Define population and community.
- Q6: Define population and community.
- Q7(a): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (a) Commensalism
- Q7(a): Define the following term and give one example for it: Commensalism
- Q7(b): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (b) Parasitism
- Q7(b): Define the following term and give one example for it: Parasitism
- Q7(c): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (c) Camouflage
- Q7(c): Define the following term and give one example for it: Camouflage
- Q7(d): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (d) Mutualism
- Q7(d): Define the following term and give one example for it: Mutualism
- Q7(e): Define the following terms and give one example for each: (e) Interspecific competition
- Q7(e): Define the following term and give one example for it: Interspecific competition
- Q8: With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
- Q8: With the help of suitable diagram describe the logistic population growth curve.
- Q9: Select the statement which explains best parasitism.
- Q10: List any three important characteristics of a population and explain.
- Q10: List any three important characteristics of a population and explain.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Organisms and Populations
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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