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Q8(d):
Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (d) induce growth in axillary buds

Solution :

Identification of the Plant Growth Regulator

To induce the growth of axillary buds, the plant growth regulator required is Cytokinin (e.g., Zeatin, Kinetin, or Benzyladenine).

Biological Mechanism and Theoretical Justification

The growth of axillary buds is governed by the phenomenon of Apical Dominance. In many vascular plants, the apical bud produces the hormone Auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid), which moves basipetally through the stem. This concentration of auxin inhibits the outgrowth of lateral (axillary) buds [Per the Thimann and Skoog theory of apical dominance].

  • Auxin Influence: High concentrations of apical auxin suppress lateral bud development to prioritize vertical growth.
  • Cytokinin Counteraction: Cytokinins are known to promote cell division (cytokinesis) and overcome the inhibitory effect of auxins on lateral buds [Per the physiological antagonism principle].
  • Application: By applying exogenous cytokinins directly to the axillary buds, the researcher can override the apical dominance signal, thereby stimulating cell division and lateral branch development.

Visual Representation of Apical Dominance and Cytokinin Override

Apical Bud (Auxin Source) Dormant Axillary Bud Add Cytokinin

Summary of Physiological Rationale

Regulator Primary Action Application in Axillary Buds
Auxin Maintains Apical Dominance Inhibits lateral growth
Cytokinin Promotes Mitosis / Overcomes Auxin Inhibition Induces lateral/axillary growth

Final Solution: Cytokinin is the plant growth regulator used to induce growth in axillary buds, as it acts antagonistically to apical dominance by promoting cell division in lateral meristems.


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