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Q10(b):
What would be expected to happen if:
(b) dividing cells stop differentiating
Solution :
Theoretical Foundation: The Concept of Meristematic Homeostasis
In plant biology, growth is defined as a coordinate process involving three distinct phases: cell division (mitosis), cell enlargement, and cell differentiation. The meristematic tissue is characterized by cells that retain the potential for indefinite division [Per the Meristematic Theory]. Differentiation is the process whereby these immature, totipotent cells undergo structural and functional changes to become specialized tissues (e.g., xylem, phloem, epidermis).
Step 1: Disruption of the Growth Cycle
If dividing cells cease the process of differentiation, the developmental trajectory of the plant is fundamentally altered. Differentiation requires the expression of specific gene sets that trigger the transition from a proliferative state to a specialized morphological state [Per the Gene Regulation Hypothesis].
Step 2: Consequences of Proliferative Accumulation
When cells remain in a state of continuous division without transition into maturity:
- Uncontrolled Cell Proliferation: The plant will accumulate a mass of undifferentiated, parenchyma-like cells. This is analogous to the formation of a callus, a disorganized mass of tissue that lacks functional vascular or dermal systems.
- Inhibition of Structural Integrity: Without differentiation into xylem and sclerenchyma, the plant loses its ability to conduct water and solutes, and it loses the mechanical strength required to sustain its own weight.
- Termination of Organogenesis: Differentiation is required for the formation of organs (leaves, roots, flowers). If cells do not differentiate, the plant body cannot organize itself into distinct tissue systems, leading to the cessation of growth in terms of size and complexity.
Step 3: Analytical Conclusion
The total absence of differentiation results in a biological bottleneck. While the plant maintains metabolic activity through respiration and basic mitosis, it suffers from a lack of functional efficiency. The organism effectively undergoes a transition from an organized multicellular structure to an amorphous, non-functional tumorous state. This inevitably leads to the senescence and death of the plant because essential transport systems (xylem/phloem) are never established [Per the Physiological Requirements of Angiosperms].
Final Solution: If dividing cells stop differentiating, the plant will fail to form organized tissues and organs, leading to the development of a disorganized mass of undifferentiated cells known as callus; consequently, the plant will lose its functional physiological systems, resulting in stunted growth and eventual death.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Plant Growth and Development EXERCISES
- Q1: Define growth, differentiation, development, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, determinate growth, meristem and growth rate.
- Q2: Why is not any one parameter good enough to demonstrate growth throughout the life of a flowering plant?
- Q3(a): Describe briefly: (a) Arithmetic growth
- Q3(b): Describe briefly: (b) Geometric growth
- Q3(c): Describe briefly: (c) Sigmoid growth curve
- Q3(d): Describe briefly: (d) Absolute and relative growth rates
- Q4: List five main groups of natural plant growth regulators. Write a note on discovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applications of any one of them.
- Q5: Why is abscisic acid also known as stress hormone?
- Q6: ‘Both growth and differentiation in higher plants are open’. Comment.
- Q7: ‘Both a short day plant and a long day plant can produce can flower simultaneously in a given place’. Explain.
- Q8(a): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (a) induce rooting in a twig
- Q8(b): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (b) quickly ripen a fruit
- Q8(c): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (c) delay leaf senescence
- Q8(d): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (d) induce growth in axillary buds
- Q8(e): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (e) ‘bolt’ a rosette plant
- Q8(f): Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are asked to: (f) induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves.
- Q9: Would a defoliated plant respond to photoperiodic cycle? Why?
- Q10(a): What would be expected to happen if: (a) $GA_3$ is applied to rice seedlings
- Q10(c): What would be expected to happen if: (c) a rotten fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits
- Q10(d): What would be expected to happen if: (d) you forget to add cytokinin to the culture medium.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Plant Growth and Development
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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