Find the best tutors and institutes for Class 10 Tuition
Q32:
Write laws of refraction. Explain the same with the help of ray diagram, when a ray of light passes through a rectangular glass slab.
Solution :
1. Laws of Refraction
The phenomenon of refraction is governed by two fundamental laws which dictate the behavior of light as it transitions between two media of differing optical densities:
- First Law (The Law of Planes): The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane. [Per Snell’s Law of Refraction geometry].
- Second Law (Snell's Law): The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence ($i$) to the sine of the angle of refraction ($r$) is constant for a given pair of media and for light of a given wavelength. This constant is known as the refractive index ($\mu$ or $n$). Mathematically:
$\frac{\sin(i)}{\sin(r)} = n_{21} = \frac{v_1}{v_2}$
where $v_1$ and $v_2$ represent the velocity of light in the first and second media, respectively.
2. Refraction through a Rectangular Glass Slab
When light passes through a rectangular glass slab (a denser medium bounded by two parallel air-glass interfaces), it undergoes two successive refractions:
- First Interface (Air to Glass): The light ray bends towards the normal because it moves from a rarer medium to a denser medium ($v_{glass} < v_{air}$).
- Second Interface (Glass to Air): The light ray bends away from the normal because it enters a rarer medium. Because the opposite sides of a rectangular slab are parallel, the angle of emergence ($e$) equals the angle of incidence ($i$).
- Lateral Displacement: The perpendicular distance between the original path of the incident ray and the emergent ray is defined as lateral displacement.
3. Visual Representation
4. Summary of Observations
| Phenomenon | Result |
|---|---|
| Angle of Incidence ($i$) vs Emergence ($e$) | $i = e$ (Due to parallel interfaces) |
| Lateral Displacement ($d$) | Depends on the thickness of the slab and the angle of incidence. |
Final Solution: The refraction of light through a rectangular glass slab results in a parallel shift of the light ray, where the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray but laterally displaced, governed strictly by the constants defined in Snell's Law.
More Questions from Class 10 Science Light – Reflection and Refraction CHAPTER_10
- Q1: Which of the following can make a parallel beam of light when light from a point source is incident on it?
- Q2: A 10 mm long awl pin is placed vertically in front of a concave mirror. A 5 mm long image of the awl pin is formed at 30 cm in front of the mirror. The focal length of this mirror is
- Q3: Under which of the following conditions a concave mirror can form an image larger than the actual object?
- Q4: Figure 10.1 shows a ray of light as it travels from medium A to medium B. Refractive index of the medium B relative to medium A is
- Q5: A light ray enters from medium A to medium B as shown in Figure 10.2. The refractive index of medium B relative to A will be
- Q6: Beams of light are incident through the holes $A$ and $B$ and emerge out of box through the holes $C$ and $D$ respectively as shown in the Figure10.3. Which of the following could be inside the box?
- Q7: A beam of light is incident through the holes on side $A$ and emerges out of the holes on the other face of the box as shown in the Figure 10.4. Which of the following could be inside the box?
- Q8: Which of the following statements is true?
- Q9: Magnification produced by a rear view mirror fitted in vehicles
- Q10: Rays from Sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a concave mirror. Where should an object be placed so that size of its image is equal to the size of the object?
- Q11: A full length image of a distant tall building can definitely be seen by using
- Q12: In torches, search lights and headlights of vehicles the bulb is placed
- Q13: The laws of reflection hold good for
- Q14: The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab traced by four students are shown as $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ in Figure 10.5. Which one of them is correct?
- Q15: You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine and kerosene. In which of these media a ray of light incident obliquely at same angle would bend the most?
- Q16: Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a concave mirror as shown in Figure 10.6?
- Q17: Which of the following ray diagrams is correct for the ray of light incident on a lens shown in Fig. 10.7?
- Q18: A child is standing in front of a magic mirror. She finds the image of her head bigger, the middle portion of her body of the same size and that of the legs smaller. The following is the order of combinations for the magic mirror from the top.
- Q19: In which of the following, the image of an object placed at infinity will be highly diminished and point sized?
- Q20(a): Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in following cases, when the image formed is virtual and erect in each case. (a) Object is placed between device and its focus, image formed is enlarged and behind it.
- Q20(b): Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in following cases, when the image formed is virtual and erect in each case. (b) Object is placed between the focus and device, image formed is enlarged and on the same side as that of the object.
- Q20(c): Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in following cases, when the image formed is virtual and erect in each case. (c) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and between focus and optical centre on the same side as that of the object.
- Q20(d): Identify the device used as a spherical mirror or lens in following cases, when the image formed is virtual and erect in each case. (d) Object is placed between infinity and device, image formed is diminished and between pole and focus, behind it.
- Q21: Why does a light ray incident on a rectangular glass slab immersed in any medium emerges parallel to itself? Explain using a diagram.
- Q22: A pencil when dipped in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bent at the interface of air and water. Will the pencil appear to be bent to the same extent, if instead of water we use liquids like, kerosene or turpentine. Support your answer with reason.
- Q23: How is the refractive index of a medium related to the speed of light? Obtain an expression for refractive index of a medium with respect to another in terms of speed of light in these two media?
- Q24: Refractive index of diamond with respect to glass is 1.6 and absolute refractive index of glass is 1.5. Find out the absolute refractive index of diamond.
- Q25: A convex lens of focal length 20 cm can produce a magnified virtual as well as real image. Is this a correct statement? If yes, where shall the object be placed in each case for obtaining these images?
- Q26: Sudha finds out that the sharp image of the window pane of her science laboratory is formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens. She now tries to focus the building visible to her outside the window instead of the window pane without disturbing the lens. In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the building? What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
- Q27: How are power and focal length of a lens related? You are provided with two lenses of focal length 20 cm and 40 cm respectively. Which lens will you use to obtain more convergent light?
- Q28: Under what condition in an arrangement of two plane mirrors, incident ray and reflected ray will always be parallel to each other, whatever may be angle of incidence. Show the same with the help of diagram.
- Q29(i): Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with oblique incidence (i) from air into water;
- Q29(ii): Draw a ray diagram showing the path of rays of light when it enters with oblique incidence (ii) from water into air.
- Q30(a): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an object is placed (a) between pole and focus of the mirror
- Q30(b): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an object is placed (b) between focus and centre of curvature of the mirror
- Q30(c): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an object is placed (c) at centre of curvature of the mirror
- Q30(d): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an object is placed (d) a little beyond centre of curvature of the mirror
- Q30(e): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave mirror when an object is placed (e) at infinity
- Q31(a): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (a) between optical centre and focus of the lens
- Q31(b): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
- Q31(c): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (c) at twice the focal length of the lens
- Q31(d): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (d) at infinity
- Q31(e): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex lens when an object is placed (e) at the focus of the lens
- Q33(a): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an object is placed (a) at the focus of the lens
- Q33(b): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an object is placed (b) between focus and twice the focal length of the lens
- Q33(c): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a concave lens when an object is placed (c) beyond twice the focal length of the lens
- Q34(a): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed (a) at infinity
- Q34(b): Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed (b) at finite distance from the mirror
- Q35: The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a screen placed on the other side of the lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the distance between lens and image is 80 cm, at what distance should the candle be placed from the lens? What is the nature of the image at a distance of 80 cm and the lens?
- Q36: Size of image of an object by a mirror having a focal length of 20 cm is observed to be reduced to $frac{1}{3}$rd of its size. At what distance the object has been placed from the mirror? What is the nature of the image and the mirror?
- Q37: Define power of a lens. What is its unit? One student uses a lens of focal length 50 cm and another of –50 cm. What is the nature of the lens and its power used by each of them?
- Q38(i): A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under: Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen = 88.0 cm. (i) What is the focal length of the convex lens?
- Q38(ii): A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under: Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen = 88.0 cm. (ii) Where will the image be formed if he shifts the candle towards the lens at a position of 31.0 cm?
- Q38(iii): A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under: Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen = 88.0 cm. (iii) What will be the nature of the image formed if he further shifts the candle towards the lens?
- Q38(iv): A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex lens. He noted down the position of the candle screen and the lens as under: Position of candle = 12.0 cm, Position of convex lens = 50.0 cm, Position of the screen = 88.0 cm. (iv) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in case (iii) as said above.
CBSE Solutions for Class 10 Science Light – Reflection and Refraction
Chapters in CBSE - Class 10 Science
Top Tutors who teach Light – Reflection and Refraction
Super Tutor
Lake Town, Kolkata
10 yrs of
Exp
7 students
669 hrs of classes completed
650
per hour
Online Classes
I teach English language and Literature for ICSE, CBSE, IGCSE Boards Classes 9 and 10. For CBSE curriculum I take Social Science classes and for curriculum I take History and Civics classes too. I have been teaching online for 9 years. My teaching approach involves analysis of each topic in detail, be it a grammar chapter or a poem. My classes are full of revision, practicing answers and regular tests.
Excellent teaching skills and can help students of Class 10 IGCSE improve their performance in board exams.
Top Tutor
MSR nagar mathikere, Bangalore
20 yrs of
Exp
21 students
5928 hrs of classes completed
525
per hour
Online Classes
I enjoy teaching and making things easier and fun for the children. Didn't send my kids for any tuitions. Today the elder child is a CSE graduate , working for Amazon & the other is in her 3rd year MBBS !
I have been studying Maths and Science under her guidance since 8th grade. She explains every concept in a simple and clear way, making even difficult topics easy to understand. Her teaching style is patient and supportive, and she always makes sure all doubts are cleared. She focuses on strengthening basics and gives regular practice, which has really helped me improve. Because of her guidance, my confidence in both subjects has increased a lot. I am truly grateful for her dedication and support
Top Tutor
Indira Nagar Gachibowli, Hyderabad
5 yrs of
Exp
36 students
1353 hrs of classes completed
900
per hour
Online Classes
Hello dear students,I am PRANJAL MISHRA, I teach Mathematics (upto A level) .I can improve your understanding in Mathematics using my innovative teaching style, guidance, and Daily practice sheets. As I have 6+ years of experience in teaching Mathematics online as well as offline classes,I got my Master's degree in Mathematics (M.Sc in Mathematics Education) from University of Delhi which is one of the top reputed Central Universities in my country. I have also got my teaching certificate that is Bachelor's in Education (teaching certificate) from NCERT.I need your trust and an opportunity . Let me show my skills and make mathematics easier than ever.Some of my top scoring students in Mathematics has scored - Year 10 - 98/100Year 9- 96/100and many more....I have taught students from various nations and have an idea of curriculum of different countries (Europe, Asia, USA, Canada, Australia )
Pranjal is one of the best teacher I found as his teaching methodologies were as per the IB curriculum and best suited for my son. I recommend him to all.
Super Tutor
Electronic City Phase I, Bangalore
20 yrs of
Exp
24 students
1269 hrs of classes completed
400
per hour
Online Classes
Class 10 is a pivotal, fast-paced school year filled with a mix of academic preparation, growing responsibilities, and memorable moments with friends.Daily Routine and StudiesBusy schedules: Days involve attending subject-specific classes, taking detailed notes, and preparing for board exams.Favorite subjects: Time is often spent engaging deeply with core subjects like mathematics, science, and social studies.Extra help: Teachers provide extra guidance and revision sessions to help students handle exam stress.Friendships and Social LifeStronger bonds: Friendships deepen through shared lunch breaks, group studies, and mutual support during exams.Lasting memories: Small moments in the hallway or sharing stories in the classroom create a sense of a second family.
She teaches very well. I understand the concept very fast. She teaches smoothly always ask for any doubt. Very polite and calm in nature.
Top Tutor
Gharoli Gharoli, Delhi
17 yrs of
Exp
2 students
215 hrs of classes completed
400
per hour
Online Classes
I bring with me 17 years of diverse experience in the pharmaceutical industry along with academic expertise, combining strong practical knowledge with a passion for teaching. I am dedicated to simplifying complex concepts and delivering them in an engaging manner, ensuring that students not only gain subject knowledge but also develop the skills, confidence, and potential required to achieve academic excellence and become industry-ready professionals.
Very friendly teacher and explain very well and explain in detail overall teacher is very good and friendly.
Download free CBSE - Class 10 Science Light – Reflection and Refraction CHAPTER_10 worksheets
Download Now
