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Q1(ii):
Express each number as a product of its prime factors: (ii) 156

Solution :

Given: A composite number $156$.

To Find: The prime factorization of $156$, expressed as a product of its prime factors.

Step 1: Understanding Prime Factorization
Prime factorization is the process of expressing a composite number as a product of prime numbers. We will use the method of successive division by the smallest prime numbers ($2, 3, 5, 7, 11, \dots$) until the quotient becomes $1$.

Step 2: Sequential Division

We start by dividing $156$ by the smallest prime number, which is $2$:

$156 \div 2 = 78$

[Since $156$ is an even number, it is divisible by $2$ according to the divisibility rule for $2$.]

Next, we divide the quotient $78$ by $2$:

$78 \div 2 = 39$

[Since $78$ is an even number, it is divisible by $2$.]

Next, we check for divisibility of $39$ by the next prime number, $3$:

$39 \div 3 = 13$

[Since the sum of the digits of $39$ is $3 + 9 = 12$, which is divisible by $3$, $39$ is divisible by $3$ according to the divisibility rule for $3$.]

Finally, we check for divisibility of $13$ by the next prime number, $5, 7, 11, \dots$:

$13 \div 13 = 1$

[Since $13$ is a prime number, it is only divisible by $1$ and itself.]

Step 3: Compiling the Factors
Based on the divisions performed above, we can write $156$ as:

$156 = 2 \times 2 \times 3 \times 13$

Step 4: Expressing in Exponential Form
We group the repeated prime factors using exponents:

$156 = 2^2 \times 3^1 \times 13^1$

Final Answer: The prime factorization of $156$ is $2^2 \times 3 \times 13$.


More Questions from Class 10 Mathematics Real numbers EXERCISE 1.1


CBSE Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Real numbers


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