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Q3(ii):
For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference: (ii) – 5, – 1, 3, 7, . . .

Solution :

Given: An Arithmetic Progression (AP) sequence: $-5, -1, 3, 7, \dots$

To find: The first term ($a$) and the common difference ($d$) of the given AP.

Step 1: Identifying the first term ($a$)

In an Arithmetic Progression, the first term is denoted by the variable $a$ (or $a_1$). By observing the given sequence:

Sequence: $-5, -1, 3, 7, \dots$

The first term is the element at the first position in the sequence.

Therefore, $a = -5$.

Step 2: Defining the common difference ($d$)

The common difference ($d$) of an Arithmetic Progression is defined as the difference between any two consecutive terms. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

$d = a_{n} - a_{n-1}$

where $a_n$ is the $n^{th}$ term and $a_{n-1}$ is the preceding term.

Step 3: Calculating the common difference ($d$)

We can calculate $d$ by subtracting the first term from the second term:

$d = a_2 - a_1$

Given $a_1 = -5$ and $a_2 = -1$:

$d = (-1) - (-5)$

[Applying the rule of signs: subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding its positive counterpart]

$d = -1 + 5$

$d = 4$

Step 4: Verification of the common difference

To ensure the sequence is indeed an AP, we verify the difference between other consecutive terms:

For the third and second terms: $d = a_3 - a_2 = 3 - (-1) = 3 + 1 = 4$

For the fourth and third terms: $d = a_4 - a_3 = 7 - 3 = 4$

[Since the difference is constant throughout the sequence, the value $d = 4$ is confirmed.]

Final Answer: The first term ($a$) is $-5$ and the common difference ($d$) is $4$.


More Questions from Class 10 Mathematics Arithmetic Progression EXERCISE 5.1


CBSE Solutions for Class 10 Mathematics Arithmetic Progression


Chapters in CBSE - Class 10 Mathematics


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