0Communication is a process of sharing information. The communication process has five steps, i.e. ideation, encoding, transmission, decoding and feedback. The four main channels of communication are as follows:-
1. Downward communication.
2. Upward communication.
3. Horizontal communication.
4. Diagonal communication.
1. DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION- Downward communication refers to the connection from the higher level in the managerial hierarchy to the lower ones.
2. UPWARD COMMUNICATION- Upward communication refers to the connection from the lower level, such as branch manager of a company to the managing director of the company.
3. HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION- Horizontal communication takes place between professional peer groups or people working on the same level of the hierarchy.
4. DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION- Diagonal communication occurs between people who do not have to follow the rigid norms of a communication protocol; it flows in all directions.
Technical communication is a transmission of technical and professional information from one individual or group to another. Technical communication involves all four skills of language, i.e. listening, speaking, reading and writing. Communication barriers include improper encoding, bypassing, the frame of reference, physical distractions, psychological and emotional interference and cultural differences.
The four stages of listening are sensing, message decoding/interpretation, evaluation and response. Listening comprehension involves speech decoding, comprehension and linguistic discourse analysis. Active listening demands concentration, involvement and responsibility. Active listening includes using non-verbal skills, improving the speaker's contribution, asking questions, making clarifications and analyzing a verbal message. Team listening involves avoiding distractions, negative non-verbal signals and interruptions while analyzing and noting important facts objectively and attentively. Intensive listening includes:-
1. Listening to the introduction.
2. Listening to the body.
3. Listening to the conclusion.
