Sharon

The cell cycle is the process by which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells. It has two main stages: 1. Interphase (where the cell grows and prepares for division) 2. M Phase (Mitotic Phase) (where the cell actually divides) --- 1. Interphase – The longest phase of the cell cycle. It has three parts: G₁ Phase (Gap 1) The cell grows in size. It synthesizes proteins and organelles. Prepares for DNA replication. The cell performs its normal functions. S Phase (Synthesis) DNA replication occurs. Each chromosome makes an identical copy (sister chromatid). The cell now has double the amount of DNA. G₂ Phase (Gap 2) The cell continues to grow. It produces proteins and organelles needed for mitosis. It checks for DNA errors and repairs them. --- 2. M Phase (Mitotic Phase) – The actual process of cell division. It includes mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is divided into four main stages: Prophase Chromosomes become visible as they condense. The nuclear envelope begins to break down. The spindle fibers start to form from the centrioles. Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell (at the metaphase plate). Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome. Anaphase Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers. They move to opposite poles of the cell. Telophase Chromatids reach the poles. A new nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes. Chromosomes start to uncoil back into chromatin.