Ankita M.

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It consists of two main phases: interphase and the mitotic phase (M phase). Here's a breakdown of these phases:

Interphase

Interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division and is divided into three sub-phases:

G1 Phase (Gap 1):

This is the first phase of interphase.

The cell grows in size, synthesizes mRNA and proteins, and prepares for DNA replication.

The cell also performs its normal functions and checks for any damage to the DNA before proceeding to the next phase.

S Phase (Synthesis):

During this phase, DNA replication occurs.

Each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome.

The cell continues to grow and produce proteins necessary for cell division.

G2 Phase (Gap 2):

This is the final phase of interphase.

The cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles required for mitosis.

The cell checks the duplicated DNA for any errors and makes necessary repairs before entering mitosis.

M Phase (Mitotic Phase)

The M phase is where the actual cell division occurs and is divided into several stages:

Prophase:

The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids.

The nuclear envelope begins to break down, and the mitotic spindle starts to form from the centrosomes.

Metaphase:

The chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the cell's equatorial plane).

The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, ensuring that each sister chromatid will be pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase:

The sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

The spindle fibers shorten, separating the chromatids and ensuring that each new daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Telophase:

The separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin.

The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two distinct nuclei within the cell.

The cell prepares for cytokinesis, which is the final step of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

Summary

In summary, the cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2) and the M phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Each phase plays a crucial role in ensuring that the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides properly to produce two genetically identical daughter cell

The cell cycle is a series of phases that a cell goes through to grow and divide. It consists of two main phases: interphase and the mitotic phase (M phase). Here's a breakdown of these phases:

Interphase

Interphase is the phase where the cell prepares for division and is divided into three sub-phases:

G1 Phase (Gap 1):

This is the first phase of interphase.

The cell grows in size, synthesizes mRNA and proteins, and prepares for DNA replication.

The cell also performs its normal functions and checks for any damage to the DNA before proceeding to the next phase.

S Phase (Synthesis):

During this phase, DNA replication occurs.

Each chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two sister chromatids for each chromosome.

The cell continues to grow and produce proteins necessary for cell division.

G2 Phase (Gap 2):

This is the final phase of interphase.

The cell continues to grow and produces proteins and organelles required for mitosis.

The cell checks the duplicated DNA for any errors and makes necessary repairs before entering mitosis.

M Phase (Mitotic Phase)

The M phase is where the actual cell division occurs and is divided into several stages:

Prophase:

The chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids.

The nuclear envelope begins to break down, and the mitotic spindle starts to form from the centrosomes.

Metaphase:

The chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (the cell's equatorial plane).

The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes, ensuring that each sister chromatid will be pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase:

The sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell.

The spindle fibers shorten, separating the chromatids and ensuring that each new daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.

Telophase:

The separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin.

The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two distinct nuclei within the cell.

The cell prepares for cytokinesis, which is the final step of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

In summary, the cell cycle consists of interphase (G1, S, G2) and the M phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Each phase plays a crucial role in ensuring that the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and divides properly to produce two genetically identical daughter cell