0| Feature | Scalar Potential (ϕ or V) | Vector Potential (A) |
| Mathematical Type | A single number (magnitude) at every point. | A vector (magnitude and direction) at every point. |
| Associated Field | Describes Conservative fields (like Electrostatics). | Describes Solenoidal fields (like Magnetostatics). |
| Operation | Field is the negative gradient: $\mathbf{E} = -\nabla \phi$. | Field is the curl: $\mathbf{B} = \nabla \times \mathbf{A}$. |
| Physical Context | Related to Potential Energy per unit charge/mass. | Related to Magnetic Flux or momentum-like properties. |
