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Lesson Posted on 06 May Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Types of covalent bond fission
Monika Katoch
Experienced chemistry teacher with 6+ years of experience teaching at the high school and Senior Secondary...
When a covalent bond breaks, under the influence of incoming electrophile or nucleophile, it happens in two ways
1.Heterolytic fission
2.Homolytic fission
Homolytic fission : when a covalent bond breaks, the two electrons of bond are equally divided between two atom forming bond. The new species formed both carries single unpaired electron and are called free radicals.
Heterolytic fission : when a covalent bond breaks, two electrons of bond are unequally divided among atom of compound. One atom get both electrons and become negatively charged, called nucleophile. Other atom which do not get any electron get positively charged and called electrophile.
read lessLesson Posted on 23/01/2023 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Complete Nomencalture (11th and 12th)
Rahul Yadav
I have completed my Bsc and MSc in biochemistry. I have over seven years of teaching experience and...
Answered on 15/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
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CH2=C=O HYbridisation (CH3)2CH2CO CO CARCON HAS SP2 HYBRIDISATION CH2=CHCN
hybridisation of c of ch2 is sp2 CH has sp2 and CH has sp.
↓ ↓ ↓sp3 ↓sp3
sp2 sp
sp2
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Answered on 22/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
Best Engineer tutor having lots of results.
Answered on 15/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
Best Engineer tutor having lots of results.
Answered on 15/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
Best Engineer tutor having lots of results.
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Answered on 19/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
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Answered on 19/12/2021 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
AMIT K.
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Answered on 06/02/2022 Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Rahul Sugandh
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Crystallisation as name is suggesting, it is related with crystals, i.e. it is process of making crystlas.We can define it as the process through which the atoms or molecules arrange themselves in a well-defined 3-D shape. In crystals atoms or molecules bind together through well-defined angles. Principle of crystallization - vaires in solubility of a compound in a particular solvent at different condition ex -change in temperature, pressure, etc.
Distillation in simple words it is the the process of purifying a liquid by successive evaporation and condensation. Principle of distillation - we can perform distillation whn the constituents having different in their boiling point. the basic process for simple distillation is , a homogeneous liquid mixture is first boiled. Then coming vapor is allowed to condense. The vapor condenses to a liquid, called the distillate, which is then collected in a separate part.
Chromatography is derived from the Greek word ‘chroma’ means ‘color’ and ‘graphein’ means writing or recording.Chromatography method works on the principle of adsorption. This method is based on the differences in the rate of adosrption of different components on the surface of a suitable adsorbent( Common adsorbents - Filter paper, silica gel, etc). It seperates the component of a mixture on the basis of differences between two phases, one which is stationary while the other is mobile.
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Answered on 13 Apr Learn Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Nazia Khanum
As a seasoned tutor registered on UrbanPro, I'm thrilled to address your query on separating compounds with different solubilities in a solvent. UrbanPro provides a fantastic platform for sharing educational insights, and I'm delighted to leverage it for your benefit.
When it comes to separating two compounds with varying solubilities in a solvent (let's call it S), we often resort to a technique called solvent extraction or liquid-liquid extraction. This method relies on the principle that different compounds have different affinities for different solvents. Here's how it works:
Selection of Solvent: The first step is crucial - choosing the right solvent. It should have the property of selectively dissolving one of the compounds while leaving the other relatively insoluble. This selection is often based on the relative polarities of the compounds.
Extraction Process: The mixture containing both compounds is dissolved in the selected solvent (S). The solution is then agitated or stirred to ensure thorough mixing. This allows the compounds to distribute themselves between the aqueous and organic phases based on their solubilities.
Separation of Phases: After agitation, the mixture is allowed to settle. Due to the differences in solubilities, the compounds will partition themselves between the solvent (S) and the original solvent or water. This results in the formation of two distinct layers or phases - the aqueous phase and the organic phase.
Phase Separation: The next step involves carefully separating the two phases. This can be done using a separating funnel, where the denser aqueous phase settles at the bottom while the organic phase floats on top. The layers are then carefully drained into separate containers.
Recovery: Finally, the compounds of interest can be recovered from each phase through various techniques such as evaporation or precipitation, depending on their properties.
Purification (Optional): If further purification is required, additional techniques such as recrystallization or chromatography can be employed to obtain the desired purity.
In summary, solvent extraction is a powerful technique utilized in chemistry to separate compounds based on their differential solubilities. It's a cornerstone in various fields including organic chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental science. Mastering this method opens up a world of possibilities in analytical and synthetic chemistry. If you're interested in delving deeper into this topic or exploring other aspects of chemistry, feel free to reach out. As an experienced tutor on UrbanPro, I'm here to support your learning journey every step of the way.
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