Rajan

If you want true answer read below:

Firstly, Excel and VBA directly has no relation.  VB (Visual Basic) is a separate programming language like other languages Java, .Net, C++ etc.  Visual Basic for Application (VBA) is used as support to all Microsoft Office applications in form of Macros.

So, VBA macro is nothing but that component of Visual Basic which does certain tasks alowng with Microsoft office applications which helps in some automations.  People have misconcept that for automation VBA is required.  It's INCORRECT.

Excel is application full of logic through it's formulae and functions.  So, automation can be done using formulae only even better than VBA.  Just by putting input, you can get output if your solution model is perfect.  There is no need to run any macro.  Further, disadvantage of macro is that one should learn VB first and editing is not simple for person who has not learned VB.  Also modification in existing VBA code is not that simple unless you know thoughtprocess of coder.

So, logic is most important.  If you have it clear, you will creat path to reach solution and excel functions are powerful enough to help you doing that.  VBA or excel functions are not going to help you with logic.

To conclude, make your logic clear first and learn excel functions.  If you are good with those, then only jump for VBA coding.

Using dollar sign means either make column or row or both constant.  When we copy formulae vertically down or horizontally right, it freezes reference of particular cell and do now allow that reference to move from it's position.

Type of cell references where $ sign is used:

1. Absolute Referece (Dollar sign against both row and column reference)

2. Mixed Reference with column constant (Dollar sign against column name only)

3. Mixed Reference with row constant (Dollar sign against row number only)