Manu N.

Bengal in the 20th century comprised of present-day Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha and Bangladesh was the major centre of anti-British activities. Since India's most developed region was Bengal due to its fertility and nearness to the sea for trade purposes, middle-class people's reach began towards education related to the external world and its growth, which led to several uprisings against the British rule. A sense of freedom was being developed among the people to cease the movement to turn into another uprising as in 1857. the Britishers planned out for the division of Bengal in the name of ease of governance as the area was too large to be governed by a single governor-general.
Another motive was to create an abyss between the Hindu and Muslim religious sentiments. They found that the Muslims were less liberal than the Hindus and the education had not spread to them entirely. They were lured with good jobs and separate state ideologies.