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9. What happens when a copper vessel is exposed in moist air?

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When a copper vessel is exposed to moist air, it undergoes a chemical reaction known as oxidation, resulting in the formation of a greenish-blue layer of copper oxide and copper carbonate on its surface. This layer is commonly known as patina. The chemical reactions involved in the formation of patina...
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When a copper vessel is exposed to moist air, it undergoes a chemical reaction known as oxidation, resulting in the formation of a greenish-blue layer of copper oxide and copper carbonate on its surface. This layer is commonly known as patina.

The chemical reactions involved in the formation of patina on copper can be summarized as follows:

  1. Oxidation of Copper: 4Cu(s) + O2(g)→2Cu2O(s)4Cu(s) + O2(g)→2Cu2O(s)

In this reaction:

  • Copper (Cu) reacts with oxygen (O2) from the air to form copper(I) oxide (Cu2O), which has a reddish-brown color.
  • This reaction is initially responsible for the reddish-brown tint observed on the surface of exposed copper.
  1. Further Oxidation and Carbonation: 2Cu2O(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)→2CuCO3(s)+CO2(g)2Cu2O(s)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)→2CuCO3(s)+CO2(g)

In this reaction:

  • Copper(I) oxide reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air to form copper carbonate (CuCO3), which has a greenish-blue color.
  • This reaction contributes to the formation of the characteristic greenish-blue patina layer observed on the surface of weathered copper.

The presence of moisture (water vapor) in the air accelerates the oxidation and carbonation processes, leading to the more rapid formation of patina on the surface of copper vessels exposed to moist air.

Patina serves as a protective layer, helping to slow down further corrosion of the underlying copper metal. It is also valued for its aesthetic appeal and is often intentionally encouraged or preserved on copper artifacts and structures for decorative purposes.

 
 
 
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