Learn Micro and Macro Economics with Free Lessons & Tips

Functions of RBI:

1. Authority to issue currency: It has the sole authority to issue notes and coins in India except for one rupee note, and coins are issued by the ministry of finance.

2. Banker's bank: It acts as an agent, adviser and banker to the government.

3. Lender of last resort: It is concerned with providing loans to commercial banks in case of emergency; otherwise, commercial banks would collapse.

4. Cleaning house functions: It is concerned with passing debit and credit entries against banks without the transfer of cash.

5. Custodian of foreign exchange reserves: It maintains reserves of foreign exchange reserves with itself that can be used in case of emergency.

6. Controller of credit and money supply:

• Qualitative Measures
• Quantitative Measures

Measures of Central Tendency:

There are three measures of central tendency that are: 

• Mean: It is used to represent the average of the data. 
• Median: It is used to represent the middle value.
• Mode: It is used to represent the highest repeating value in the series or the value having the highest frequency.

All these three measures can be calculated in individual, discrete and continuous series using different formulas.

The classical principle of unfastened marketplace economics, to paintings right, has greater necessities than maximum fans realize of or intentionally pick out to ignore. Several years earlier than he posted The Wealth of Nations, wherein his unfastened marketplace capitalism principle changed into laid out, Smith posted an ee-ebook referred to as The Theory of Moral Sentiments. This is important due to the fact Adam Smith believed that society works simplest if its individuals percentage the equal well-known sentiments approximately each other and approximately themselves. "Sentiments" have been now no longer the equal aspect as ethical values, a priori pointers and prohibitions. However, they have been practices and ideals described via way of means of the individual's remark of others, human interactions and outcomes.
The essential precept of Adam Smith's philosophy is, as a consequence, individualism, unfastened rational choice, unhindered opposition, and open and universally understood know-how approximately others' behaviours and offerings. With very little governmental interference in exchange or in alternatives to be had to clients and manufacturers.
The financial gadget in vicinity contemplated Adam Smith's philosophy empirically, aside from interventions via way of means of the topped heads of Europe in struggle and heavy taxation to guide it. Besides equal products, Smith's principle referred to as for having many, many unrelated, competing manufacturers imparting fees and many, many unrelated clients bidding for the priced goods. Thus we wished small companies, clients with coins budgets to maintain, and traders who freely moved their price range from one marketplace to every other if fees have been (temporarily) yielding more than a hypothetical "normal" go back on investment. In equilibrium, because of severe opposition amongst equals, each product in each marketplace settled on one uniform clearing rate.
- Today, however, we've got huge, effective companies with impact over authorities and media, over-leveraged patron credit, manufacturers of unequal rate primarily based totally on marketed superiority in features, benefits, natural picture or maybe status identity, and traders who, via way of means of automated choice-making, do now no longer simply arbitrate the marketplace fees of goods, however, accomplish that instantaneously (i.e. a completely short-time period outlook), making markets susceptible to instability, irrational bubbles and heavy upward and downward enterprise cycles, with all the human price the ones entail.