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Q3:
An experiment involves rolling a pair of dice and recording the numbers that come up. Describe the following events:
A: the sum is greater than 8, B: 2 occurs on either die
C: the sum is at least 7 and a multiple of 3.
Which pairs of these events are mutually exclusive?
Solution :
Step 1: Establishing the Sample Space ($S$)
When rolling a pair of fair six-sided dice, each die has $6$ possible outcomes. The total number of outcomes in the sample space is $6 \times 6 = 36$. We define the sample space $S$ as the set of all ordered pairs $(x, y)$, where $x$ and $y \in \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6\}$.
Step 2: Defining the Events A, B, and C
Event A: The sum of the numbers is greater than 8.
The possible sums are $\{9, 10, 11, 12\}$.
- Sum = 9: $(3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6,3)$
- Sum = 10: $(4,6), (5,5), (6,4)$
- Sum = 11: $(5,6), (6,5)$
- Sum = 12: $(6,6)$
Event B: 2 occurs on either die.
This includes cases where 2 is on the first die, the second die, or both.
$B = \{(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (1,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2)\}$
Event C: The sum is at least 7 and a multiple of 3.
Possible sums $\ge 7$ are $\{7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12\}$. Multiples of 3 in this set are $\{9, 12\}$.
- Sum = 9: $(3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6,3)$
- Sum = 12: $(6,6)$
Step 3: Determining Mutually Exclusive Pairs
Two events $X$ and $Y$ are mutually exclusive if $X \cap Y = \emptyset$ [Definition of Mutually Exclusive Events].
| Pair | Intersection ($X \cap Y$) | Result |
|---|---|---|
| A and B | $\emptyset$ | Mutually Exclusive |
| A and C | $\{(3,6), (4,5), (5,4), (6,3), (6,6)\}$ | Not Mutually Exclusive |
| B and C | $\emptyset$ | Mutually Exclusive |
Step 4: Visualizing the Sample Space Subset Relationships
Final Solution: The pairs of events that are mutually exclusive are (A, B) and (B, C), because their intersections contain no common elements, whereas (A, C) is not mutually exclusive as $A \cap C = C$.
More Questions from Class 11 Mathematics Probability EXERCISE 14.1
- Q1: A die is rolled. Let E be the event “die shows 4” and F be the event “die shows even number”. Are E and F mutually exclusive?
- Q2(i): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (i) A: a number less than 7
- Q2(ii): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (ii) B: a number greater than 7
- Q2(iii): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (iii) C: a multiple of 3
- Q2(iv): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (iv) D: a number less than 4
- Q2(v): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (v) E: an even number greater than 4
- Q2(vi): A die is thrown. Describe the following events: (vi) F: a number not less than 3. Also find $A \cup B$, $A \cap B$, $B \cup C$, $E \cap F$, $D \cap E$, $A – C$, $D – E$, $E \cap F'$, $F'$
- Q4(i): Three coins are tossed once. Let A denote the event ‘three heads show”, B denote the event “two heads and one tail show”, C denote the event” three tails show and D denote the event ‘a head shows on the first coin”. Which events are (i) mutually exclusive?
- Q4(ii): Three coins are tossed once. Let A denote the event ‘three heads show”, B denote the event “two heads and one tail show”, C denote the event” three tails show and D denote the event ‘a head shows on the first coin”. Which events are (ii) simple?
- Q4(iii): Three coins are tossed once. Let A denote the event ‘three heads show”, B denote the event “two heads and one tail show”, C denote the event” three tails show and D denote the event ‘a head shows on the first coin”. Which events are (iii) Compound?
- Q5(i): Three coins are tossed. Describe (i) Two events which are mutually exclusive.
- Q5(ii): Three coins are tossed. Describe (ii) Three events which are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
- Q5(iii): Three coins are tossed. Describe (iii) Two events, which are not mutually exclusive.
- Q5(iv): Three coins are tossed. Describe (iv) Two events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
- Q5(v): Three coins are tossed. Describe (v) Three events which are mutually exclusive but not exhaustive.
- Q6(i): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (i) A′
- Q6(ii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (ii) not B
- Q6(iii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (iii) A or B
- Q6(iv): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (iv) A and B
- Q6(v): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (v) A but not C
- Q6(vi): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (vi) B or C
- Q6(vii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (vii) B and C
- Q6(viii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice $ \le 5$. Describe the events (viii) $A \cap B' \cap C'$
- Q7(i): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (i) A and B are mutually exclusive
- Q7(ii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (ii) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhaustive
- Q7(iii): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (iii) $A = B'$
- Q7(iv): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (iv) A and C are mutually exclusive
- Q7(v): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (v) $A$ and $B'$ are mutually exclusive.
- Q7(vi): Two dice are thrown. The events A, B and C are as follows: A: getting an even number on the first die. B: getting an odd number on the first die. C: getting the sum of the numbers on the dice ≤ 5. state true or false: (give reason for your answer) (vi) $A'$, $B'$, $C$ are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Mathematics Probability
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Mathematics
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