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Q3.27(b):
Use the periodic table to answer the following questions. (b) Identify an element that would tend to lose two electrons.

Solution :

Step 1: Identifying the Electronic Configuration Requirement

An element that tends to lose two electrons must possess a valence shell configuration that allows for the stable attainment of an octet (or a noble gas configuration) through the loss of exactly two electrons. This characteristic is a defining property of elements belonging to the Alkaline Earth Metals group.

The general valence shell electronic configuration for these elements is $ns^2$ [Per the Aufbau Principle]. Upon losing two electrons, these elements achieve the stable $ns^0$ configuration (noble gas core) and form divalent cations ($M^{2+}$).

Step 2: Periodic Table Positioning and Element Selection

Group 2 of the periodic table consists of Beryllium ($Be$), Magnesium ($Mg$), Calcium ($Ca$), Strontium ($Sr$), Barium ($Ba$), and Radium ($Ra$). Any of these elements satisfy the criteria. We will examine Magnesium ($Mg$) as the representative example.

Element Atomic Number ($Z$) Electronic Configuration Ion Formed
Magnesium ($Mg$) 12 $[Ne] 3s^2$ $Mg^{2+}$

Step 3: Justification via Ionization Enthalpy

The process of losing two electrons can be described by the following successive ionization reactions:

  • First Ionization: $Mg(g) \rightarrow Mg^+(g) + e^-$
  • Second Ionization: $Mg^+(g) \rightarrow Mg^{2+}(g) + e^-$

These elements exhibit relatively low values for the sum of the first and second ionization enthalpies compared to elements in other groups, making the formation of the $M^{2+}$ ion energetically favorable [Per the Periodicity of Ionization Energy].

Visual Representation of $Mg$ Atom and $Mg^{2+}$ Ion Formation

Mg (12e-) Mg²⁺ (10e-) + 2e⁻

Step 4: Conclusion

Elements in Group 2, such as Magnesium ($Mg$), Calcium ($Ca$), or Barium ($Ba$), are characterized by having two valence electrons. By losing these two electrons, they transition to a highly stable noble gas configuration, fulfilling the criteria stipulated in the question.

Final Solution: Any element from Group 2 of the periodic table, such as Magnesium ($Mg$), will tend to lose two electrons to form a divalent cation ($Mg^{2+}$) to achieve a stable octet configuration.


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