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Q5(i):
Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (i) gram seed
Solution :
Morphological Analysis: The Gram Seed (Cicer arietinum)
The gram seed is a dicotyledonous seed characterized by a tough outer coat (testa) and an embryo contained within two fleshy cotyledons. The following components are critical to its morphology:
- Seed Coat (Testa & Tegmen): Protects the delicate internal embryo from mechanical injury and desiccation.
- Hilum: A scar on the seed coat representing the point of attachment to the fruit wall (funiculus).
- Micropyle: A small pore located near the hilum, allowing the entry of water and oxygen during imbibition.
- Embryo (Radicle & Plumule): The embryonic axis consisting of the radicle (future root system) and the plumule (future shoot system).
Step 1: Dissection and Structural Identification
Upon the removal of the testa, the two large, kidney-shaped cotyledons are revealed. These serve as nutrient storage organs [Per the physiological role of starch storage in Leguminosae].
Step 2: Embryonic Axis Localization
The embryonic axis is positioned between the two cotyledons. The downward-pointing projection, the radicle, is responsible for primary root emergence [Per the principle of geotropism]. The upward-facing structure, the plumule, is encased by embryonic leaves and gives rise to the shoot system.
| Structure | Functional Role |
|---|---|
| Testa | Physical protection and dormancy maintenance. |
| Cotyledons | Storage of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids for germination. |
| Radicle | First structure to emerge; initiates root system development. |
| Plumule | Develops into the epigeal or hypogeal shoot system. |
Final Solution: The gram seed is a classic dicotyledonous structure consisting of a protective seed coat, a distinct hilum and micropyle for environmental exchange, and an internal embryo (plumule and radicle) supported by two food-storing cotyledons.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants EXERCISES
- Q1: How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
- Q2: Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.
- Q3(a): Define the following terms: (a) aestivation
- Q3(b): Define the following terms: (b) placentation
- Q3(c): Define the following terms: (c) actinomorphic
- Q3(d): Define the following terms: (d) zygomorphic
- Q3(e): Define the following terms: (e) superior ovary
- Q3(f): Define the following terms: (f) perigynous flower
- Q3(g): Define the following terms: (g) epipetalous stamen
- Q4(a): Differentiate between (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence
- Q4(b): Differentiate between (b) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary
- Q5(ii): Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (ii) V.S. of maize seed
- Q6: Take one flower of the family Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagram.
- Q7: Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants.
- Q8: What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower.
- Q9: Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types inflorescence in flowering plants.
- Q10: Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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