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Q3(g):
Define the following terms: (g) epipetalous stamen
Solution :
1. Definition of Epipetalous Stamen
An epipetalous stamen is a specialized morphological condition in angiosperms where the stamens (the male reproductive organs of a flower) are adnate (fused or attached) to the petals (the corolla) of the flower. This condition represents a structural integration between the androecium and the perianth, serving both protective and specialized pollination-related functions.
2. Anatomical and Morphological Basis
The term is derived from the Greek prefixes epi- (upon) and petalon (petal). In a typical flower, the androecium and corolla are distinct whorls. However, in the epipetalous state, the filament of the stamen grows fused to the inner surface of the petal for a portion of its length. [Per the principles of floral organ development and fusion, this is classified under adnation, where different whorls are fused.]
3. Visual Representation of Floral Attachment
4. Biological Significance and Examples
- Pollination Efficiency: Epipetaly often positions the anthers in a way that ensures effective pollen transfer to visiting pollinators as they manipulate the petals to reach nectar sources.
- Family Characteristic: This feature is a diagnostic taxonomic character for several major plant families.
| Family | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|
| Solanaceae | Flowers exhibit epipetalous stamens (e.g., Solanum tuberosum). |
| Convolvulaceae | Commonly displays adnation of stamens to the corolla tube. |
5. Conclusion
The epipetalous condition is a distinct evolutionary adaptation resulting in the physical attachment of the filament of the stamen to the corolla lobes, facilitating coordinated floral structure and optimized reproductive success in diverse ecological niches.
Final Solution: An epipetalous stamen is a condition where the filaments of the stamens are attached or fused to the petals of a flower, commonly observed in families such as Solanaceae.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants EXERCISES
- Q1: How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
- Q2: Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.
- Q3(a): Define the following terms: (a) aestivation
- Q3(b): Define the following terms: (b) placentation
- Q3(c): Define the following terms: (c) actinomorphic
- Q3(d): Define the following terms: (d) zygomorphic
- Q3(e): Define the following terms: (e) superior ovary
- Q3(f): Define the following terms: (f) perigynous flower
- Q4(a): Differentiate between (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence
- Q4(b): Differentiate between (b) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary
- Q5(i): Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (i) gram seed
- Q5(ii): Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (ii) V.S. of maize seed
- Q6: Take one flower of the family Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagram.
- Q7: Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants.
- Q8: What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower.
- Q9: Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types inflorescence in flowering plants.
- Q10: Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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