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Q3(e):
Define the following terms: (e) superior ovary
Solution :
Definition and Theoretical Foundation
A superior ovary is a condition in floral morphology where the gynoecium (ovary) occupies the highest position on the thalamus, while the other floral parts—namely the calyx (sepals), corolla (petals), and androecium (stamens)—are attached at the base of the ovary [Per Botanical Classification of Flower Insertion].
Anatomical Characteristics
The flower exhibiting a superior ovary is technically termed hypogynous. In this arrangement:
- The thalamus (receptacle) is typically convex or conical in shape.
- The ovary is described as being "free" from the other floral whorls.
- The other floral parts originate below the point of insertion of the ovary.
Comparative Floral Insertion
| Condition | Position of Ovary | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Hypogynous | Superior | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China rose), Mustard |
| Perigynous | Half-inferior | Prunus persica (Peach), Plum |
| Epigynous | Inferior | Helianthus annuus (Sunflower), Guava |
Geometric Representation of Hypogynous Flower
Logical Justification
The term "superior" is derived from the observation that the ovary sits above the insertion points of the perianth and stamens. This is defined by the following developmental logic:
- Floral Symmetry and Growth: The development of the carpel primordia precedes that of the stamen and perianth primordia on the meristematic dome [Per Developmental Biology of Angiosperms].
- Adaptive Significance: In many hypogynous flowers, this configuration facilitates efficient pollination by exposing the stigma at the highest point of the floral axis.
Final Solution: A superior ovary is a floral characteristic where the ovary is situated at the highest position on the thalamus, while all other floral whorls (sepals, petals, and stamens) are attached to the thalamus at a point below the base of the ovary. This condition defines a hypogynous flower.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants EXERCISES
- Q1: How is a pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
- Q2: Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy.
- Q3(a): Define the following terms: (a) aestivation
- Q3(b): Define the following terms: (b) placentation
- Q3(c): Define the following terms: (c) actinomorphic
- Q3(d): Define the following terms: (d) zygomorphic
- Q3(f): Define the following terms: (f) perigynous flower
- Q3(g): Define the following terms: (g) epipetalous stamen
- Q4(a): Differentiate between (a) Racemose and cymose inflorescence
- Q4(b): Differentiate between (b) Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary
- Q5(i): Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (i) gram seed
- Q5(ii): Draw the labelled diagram of the following: (ii) V.S. of maize seed
- Q6: Take one flower of the family Solanaceae and write its semi-technical description. Also draw their floral diagram.
- Q7: Describe the various types of placentations found in flowering plants.
- Q8: What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiosperm flower.
- Q9: Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types inflorescence in flowering plants.
- Q10: Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Morphology of Flowering Plants
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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