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Q13(c):
Distinguish between (c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.
Solution :
1. Definitions and Theoretical Foundation
In pulmonary physiology, lung volumes and capacities are categorized based on the volume of air involved in various respiratory movements. Vital Capacity (VC) and Total Lung Capacity (TLC) represent two distinct measurements of pulmonary function.
- Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration. It includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. [Per the mechanics of ventilation, $VC = IRV + TV + ERV$].
- Total Lung Capacity (TLC): The total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration. This includes the entire vital capacity plus the residual volume that remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhale. [Per pulmonary nomenclature, $TLC = VC + RV$].
2. Comparative Analysis
| Characteristic | Vital Capacity (VC) | Total Lung Capacity (TLC) |
|---|---|---|
| Formula | $IRV + TV + ERV$ | $VC + RV$ or $IRV + TV + ERV + RV$ |
| Residual Air | Excludes Residual Volume ($RV$) | Includes Residual Volume ($RV$) |
| Functional Meaning | Represents the maximum air exhaled after full inhalation. | Represents the total physical capacity of the lungs. |
3. Visual Representation of Lung Capacities
4. Mathematical Derivation and Justification
The relationship between these two capacities is governed by the inclusion of the Residual Volume ($RV$).
Given that $VC = IRV + TV + ERV$ [Summation of air volumes accessible to voluntary respiration], and $TLC = VC + RV$ [Integration of non-expirable air volume]:
Therefore, $TLC > VC$ is always true for any healthy individual, as $RV > 0$ [By the principle of anatomical dead space and prevention of alveolar collapse].
Final Solution: Vital Capacity is the maximum volume of air one can exhale after a maximum inhalation ($IRV + TV + ERV$), whereas Total Lung Capacity is the total volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation, incorporating the residual volume ($VC + RV$).
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases EXERCISES
- Q1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance?
- Q2: State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
- Q3: Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?
- Q4: What are the major transport mechanisms for $CO_2$? Explain.
- Q5: What will be the $pO_2$ and $pCO_2$ in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air ?
- Q6: Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.
- Q7: How is respiration regulated?
- Q8: What is the effect of $pCO_2$ on oxygen transport?
- Q9: What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
- Q10: What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?
- Q11: Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?
- Q12: Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.
- Q13(a): Distinguish between (a) IRV and ERV
- Q13(b): Distinguish between (b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity.
- Q14: What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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