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Q10:
What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?
Solution :
Initial Anatomical Definition
In the phylum Arthropoda, specifically within the class Insecta, the respiratory system is entirely independent of the circulatory system. This mechanism is known as the tracheal system. The primary site of gaseous exchange in insects is the tracheoles.
Step 1: Structural Hierarchy of the Insect Respiratory System
The insect respiratory apparatus is a network of branching tubes that deliver oxygen directly to the tissues. The sequence of air movement is as follows:
- Spiracles: Small external openings located on the lateral sides of the thorax and abdomen. [Per biological regulation of airflow].
- Tracheae: A network of chitin-lined tubes that conduct air from the spiracles into the deeper body tissues.
- Tracheoles: The terminal, non-chitinized, fine branches of the tracheae that make direct contact with individual cells.
Step 2: Mechanism of Gaseous Exchange at the Tracheole
The tracheoles are the specialized sites for gas exchange due to their unique physiological characteristics:
- High Surface Area: The tracheoles branch extensively to reach almost every cell in the insect body, ensuring a minimal diffusion distance. [Based on Fick's Law of Diffusion].
- Fluid Interface: The tips of the tracheoles are fluid-filled. Oxygen dissolves into this fluid before diffusing across the thin plasma membrane into the cell.
- Passive Diffusion: Unlike mammalian systems requiring hemoglobin for transport, oxygen moves through the tracheal network and into the cells via passive diffusion, driven by the partial pressure gradient ($P_{O_2}$).
Visual Representation of Tracheal Exchange
Analytical Comparison
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Spiracles | Entry/Exit points for air. |
| Tracheae | Main transport conduits (chitin-supported). |
| Tracheoles | Site of gas exchange via direct diffusion. |
Final Solution: The primary site of gaseous exchange in an insect is the tracheoles, which are the finest, fluid-filled terminal branches of the tracheal system that facilitate the direct diffusion of gases between the external air and individual body cells.
More Questions from Class 11 Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases EXERCISES
- Q1: Define vital capacity. What is its significance?
- Q2: State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
- Q3: Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?
- Q4: What are the major transport mechanisms for $CO_2$? Explain.
- Q5: What will be the $pO_2$ and $pCO_2$ in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air ?
- Q6: Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.
- Q7: How is respiration regulated?
- Q8: What is the effect of $pCO_2$ on oxygen transport?
- Q9: What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?
- Q11: Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?
- Q12: Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.
- Q13(a): Distinguish between (a) IRV and ERV
- Q13(b): Distinguish between (b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity.
- Q13(c): Distinguish between (c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.
- Q14: What is Tidal volume? Find out the Tidal volume (approximate value) for a healthy human in an hour.
CBSE Solutions for Class 11 Biology Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Chapters in CBSE - Class 11 Biology
- The Living World
- Biological Classification
- Plant Kingdom
- Animal Kingdom
- Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Structural Organisation in Animals
- Cell – The Unit of Life
- Biomolecules
- Cell Cycle and Division
- Transport in Plants
- Mineral Nutrition
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration in Plants
- Plant Growth and Development
- Digestion and Absorption
- Body Fluids and Circulation
- Excretory Products and Elimination
- Locomotion and Movement
- Neural Control and Coordination
- Chemical Coordination and Integration
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