What is the difference between Spring, Hibernate, JSP, and servlets?

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Balmukund Tiwari

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How they actually fit together in a real app: Client Request ↓Servlet (or Spring's DispatcherServlet) — receives HTTP request ↓Spring MVC Controller — routes request, business logic ↓Hibernate — talks to the database (via JPA), maps rows ↔ Java objects ↓JSP...
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How they actually fit together in a real app: Client Request ↓Servlet (or Spring's DispatcherServlet) — receives HTTP request ↓Spring MVC Controller — routes request, business logic ↓Hibernate — talks to the database (via JPA), maps rows ↔ Java objects ↓JSP (or JSON response in REST APIs) — renders the view / returns data ↓Response back to ClientIn one line each: Servlet = handles the HTTP request/response mechanics JSP = generates the HTML view (older tech, mostly replaced by REST + frontend frameworks now) Spring = the framework that wires everything together (DI, routing, security, transactions) Hibernate = talks to the database so you write Java objects, not raw SQL Reality check for 2026: JSP is largely legacy now — most modern apps use Spring Boot REST APIs + a separate frontend (React/Angular/Vue) instead of server-rendered JSP pages. Servlets are still foundational (Spring runs on top of them via DispatcherServlet), and Hibernate/JPA remains the standard ORM choice. read less
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The core difference is that Spring and Hibernate are full-fledged frameworks, whereas Servlets and JSP are foundational Java EE component technologies. Essentially, Servlets and JSP provide the lower-level web architecture, Hibernate simplifies database access, and Spring glues the entire application...
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The core difference is that Spring and Hibernate are full-fledged frameworks, whereas Servlets and JSP are foundational Java EE component technologies. Essentially, Servlets and JSP provide the lower-level web architecture, Hibernate simplifies database access, and Spring glues the entire application together read less
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