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Java > Learn Servlet > How is a JSP compiled into a servlet?
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How is a JSP compiled into a servlet?

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When a JavaServer Pages (JSP) file is accessed for the first time, it is translated or compiled into a servlet by the JSP container. This process involves several steps: Translation: The JSP container translates the JSP file into a servlet class. This translation is typically done the first time the...
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When a JavaServer Pages (JSP) file is accessed for the first time, it is translated or compiled into a servlet by the JSP container. This process involves several steps:

  1. Translation:

    • The JSP container translates the JSP file into a servlet class. This translation is typically done the first time the JSP page is accessed or when changes are made to the JSP file.
    • The translation process involves converting the JSP elements, including Java code embedded in <% %> tags and custom tags, into equivalent Java code.

  2. Compilation:

    • The translated Java code is then compiled into bytecode by the Java compiler. This results in the creation of a Java servlet class.

  3. Class Loading:

    • The compiled servlet class is loaded by the classloader of the servlet container.

  4. Instantiation:

    • An instance of the servlet class is created. This instance will handle subsequent requests for the corresponding JSP page.

  5. Execution:

    • The servlet instance processes incoming HTTP requests and generates dynamic content as specified in the original JSP file.

The entire process can be visualized as follows:

rust
JSP File (.jsp) -> JSP Container -> Translation -> Compilation -> Servlet Class (.class) -> Class Loading -> Instantiation -> Execution

During the translation process, the JSP container generates additional Java code to handle tasks such as managing the HTTP request and response objects, setting up the JSP context, and managing session information. The generated servlet code includes methods such as service(), which is responsible for handling HTTP requests.

The generated servlet is then stored in a directory specific to the servlet container, often within the work directory of the application server. The generated servlet code can be viewed for debugging purposes, as many application servers provide an option to retain the generated Java source code.

It's worth noting that subsequent requests to the same JSP file do not typically trigger the translation and compilation process again unless the JSP file has been modified. In such cases, the JSP container detects the changes and repeats the translation and compilation steps. This helps improve the performance of JSP-based applications.

 
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