cell cycle consists of two main phases: interphase and M phase. Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases, while M phase includes mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis

Interphase:

G1 Phase (Gap 1):

The cell grows in size and carries out normal metabolic activities. It also prepares for DNA replication by producing the necessary proteins and organelles.

S Phase (Synthesis):

The cell replicates its DNA, resulting in each chromosome having two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

G2 Phase (Gap 2):

The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis. It synthesizes proteins and other molecules needed for cell division, such as microtubules for the mitotic spindle.

M Phase (Mitosis):

Prophase:

The chromosomes condense and become visible as sister chromatids. The mitotic spindle begins to form from the centrosomes, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down.

Metaphase:

The sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell at the metaphase plate. The mitotic spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

Anaphase:

The sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers.

Telophase:

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle disassembles.

Cytokinesis:

The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two new cells.

cell cycle consists of two main phases: interphase and M phase. Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases, while M phase includes mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase) and cytokinesis

Interphase:

G1 Phase (Gap 1):The cell grows in size and carries out normal metabolic activities. It also prepares for DNA replication by producing the necessary proteins and organelles. 

S Phase (Synthesis):The cell replicates its DNA, resulting in each chromosome having two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere. 

G2 Phase (Gap 2):The cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis. It synthesizes proteins and other molecules needed for cell division, such as microtubules for the mitotic spindle. 

M Phase (Mitosis):

Prophase:The chromosomes condense and become visible as sister chromatids. The mitotic spindle begins to form from the centrosomes, and the nuclear envelope starts to break down. 

Metaphase:The sister chromatids line up along the center of the cell at the metaphase plate. The mitotic spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes. 

Anaphase:The sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. 

Telophase:The chromosomes arrive at the poles and begin to decondense. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the mitotic spindle disassembles. 

Cytokinesis:The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two. In plant cells, a cell plate forms between the two new cells.