What are the differences between Hindustani classical music and Carnatic music?

Renu sundriyal Hindustani and Carnatic are both styles of Indian classical music, but they have several differences, including: Origin Hindustani music originated during the Vedic period, while Carnatic music originated in the 15th and 16th centuries during the Bhakti movement. Performance Hindustani music is more improvisational, while Carnatic music is more structured. Instruments Hindustani music commonly uses the sitar, tabla, and harmonium, while Carnatic music commonly uses the veena, mridangam, violin, and ghatam. Language Hindustani music is usually sung in Hindi, Urdu, and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music is usually sung in Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada. Vocal styles Hindustani music's main vocal styles include Dhrupad, Khayal, Tarana, Thumri, Dadra, and Gazals. Carnatic music's improvisational styles include Alpana, Niraval, Kalpanaswaram, and Ragam Thana Pallavi. Ragas Hindustani music ragas are flexible and allow for more improvisation, while Carnatic ragas are more demanding, with specific compositions. Region Hindustani music is mostly performed in Northern India, while Carnatic music is linked with southern India. read less