Vikas Sahu

Refers to how loud or soft notes are played, and how the volume changes during the course of a song. Soft, eerie music can raise suspense by suggesting danger in the distance. Getting louder may hint that something or someone is about to pounce. Listen: Carl Orff: “O Fortuna” (excerpt) from Carmina Burana (1936)

Hindustani vocal music is a style of Indian classical music that is characterized by its use of ragas, talas, and other musical elements: 

Ragas: A melodic framework for improvisation and composition, based on a scale of seven basic notes and five half-notes 

Talas: Rhythmic principles based on cyclic metric patterns 

Vocal forms: Major forms include dhrupad, khyal, and tarana, while lighter forms include dhamar, trivat, chaiti, kajari, tappa, tap-khyal, thumri, dadra, ghazal, and bhajan 

Influences: Hindustani music has been influenced by Arab, Persian, and Afghan elements 

Performance: Hindustani vocal music is often performed in the tradition of dhrupad singing 

Hindustani music originated in the medieval period and is found in the northern three-fourths of the Indian subcontinent. It was passed down through the Guru-Shishya Parampara, or teacher-student tradition. 

Choral music and solo vocal music differ in a number of ways, including: 

Composition: Choral music is written for choirs and typically has at least two vocal parts that create harmony. Solo vocal music can include monophonic music with a single line of melody, or polyphonic music with more than one melody. 

Vocal demands: Soloists often have more difficult vocal demands than choruses, including a greater range, higher tessitura, and larger sound. Choralists need to be able to sight-read complex music, match timbres with other voices, and listen for gradations of dynamics. 

Listening: In solo singing, the focus is on the feel of proper vocal production, rather than hearing oneself. 

Sound effect: Choral music is often favored for its unified and integrated sound effect. 

Voice levels: In choral singing, singers usually adjust their voice levels to match the other singers. In solo singing, the level sung depends less on the accompaniment. 

Goal: Solo music pursues individuality, while choral music pur

sues unity. 

you’re talking about breaking music down scientifically, yes; there are two fields I’d start with: Music psychology is the study of how the human brain processes music and how we evolved to hear and create music. Acoustics is the study of the various physical aspects of sound, and you’ll find a lot of explanations of aspects of music, like harmony, here. Your wording - “physical existence” - is a bit odd… you won’t find anything talking about music’s “physical existence,” but I think music psychology and acoustical science probably have most of the information you’re hoping for.

(UPTET) for Vocal Music typically includes a syllabus focused on assessing your knowledge and skills in various aspects of music. The syllabus might cover: 1. **Fundamentals of Music**: Basic principles of vocal music, including music theory, notation, and terminology. 2. **Indian Classical Music**: Understanding of Hindustani and Carnatic music traditions, including Ragas and Talas. 3. **Folk Music**: Knowledge of various regional folk music traditions of India. 4. **Music History and Appreciation**: Awareness of the historical development of music, significant composers, and notable contributions to the field. 5. **Practical Skills**: Ability to perform or demonstrate various vocal techniques and styles. The specifics might vary, so it's a good idea to consult the official UPTET notification or website for the most accurate and detailed syllabus.