2. What are crops? Explain the two crops in detail.

Crops are plants cultivated by humans for food, fiber, fuel, medicinal purposes, or other uses. They are grown on agricultural land and are an essential component of agriculture, providing sustenance and resources for human consumption and various industries. Crops can be broadly classified into several categories based on their intended use, cultivation methods, and economic significance.

Here are two examples of crops explained in detail:

1. **Wheat (Triticum spp.):**
   - Wheat is one of the most widely cultivated cereal crops worldwide and serves as a staple food for a large portion of the global population.
   - Species of wheat commonly grown include common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), and spelt (Triticum spelta), among others.
   - Wheat is a grass plant belonging to the Poaceae family and is cultivated in diverse climates ranging from temperate to tropical regions.
   - It is an annual crop grown from seeds (grains) planted in the soil during the fall or spring seasons, depending on the growing region and variety.
   - Wheat plants typically have slender, hollow stems (culms) topped with dense clusters of flowers (spikes) that develop into grain-bearing heads.
   - The grains produced by wheat plants are harvested when mature and can be processed into various food products, including flour for bread, pasta, pastry, and breakfast cereals.
   - Wheat is also used as fodder for livestock, as well as in the production of biofuels, alcoholic beverages (e.g., beer, whiskey), and industrial products (e.g., starch, gluten).

2. **Rice (Oryza sativa):**
   - Rice is a primary staple food for a significant portion of the world's population, particularly in Asia, where it is a dietary staple and cultural symbol.
   - Oryza sativa is the most widely cultivated species of rice, although other species, such as Oryza glaberrima (African rice), are also grown in certain regions.
   - Rice belongs to the Poaceae family and is a grass plant that thrives in warm, humid climates with abundant water resources.
   - It is an annual crop that is typically grown in flooded paddy fields or irrigated paddies to provide the necessary water and nutrients for optimal growth.
   - Rice plants have long, slender leaves and produce flowers arranged in compact spikelets that develop into grains.
   - The grains of rice are harvested when fully mature and can be processed into various forms, including white rice, brown rice, parboiled rice, and rice flour.
   - Rice is a versatile food ingredient used in a wide range of culinary dishes, including main courses, side dishes, desserts, and beverages.
   - In addition to its culinary uses, rice straw and husks are valuable byproducts used for animal feed, bedding, fuel, and construction material in many cultures.

Both wheat and rice are vital crops that provide essential nutrients and calories for human nutrition worldwide. They are cultivated on a large scale and contribute significantly to global food security and agricultural economies.