Mention the key concepts about the mechanism of biological evolution/speciation according to (i) de Vries (ii) Darwin.

As a seasoned tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, let's delve into the key concepts about the mechanism of biological evolution and speciation according to two influential figures, de Vries and Darwin. This exploration is essential for Class 12 Tuition, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary biology.

I. Mechanism of Biological Evolution According to de Vries:

1. Mutation Theory:

   • Central Concept: De Vries proposed the Mutation Theory as a primary mechanism for biological evolution.
   • Significance: According to de Vries, new species originate from sudden and heritable changes or mutations in the genetic material.

2. Saltation:

   • Distinctive Feature: De Vries introduced the term "saltation" to describe abrupt and significant changes caused by mutations.
   • Implication: Saltation suggests that new species can emerge suddenly, challenging the notion of gradual evolution.

3. Genetic Mutations as Catalysts:

   • Emphasis: De Vries highlighted the role of genetic mutations as the driving force behind the origin of new species.
   • Innovation: Mutations provide the raw material for evolutionary change, leading to the development of novel traits.

II. Mechanism of Biological Evolution According to Darwin:

1. Natural Selection:

   • Foundational Idea: Darwin's theory centers around the concept of natural selection as the key mechanism of biological evolution.
   • Process: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation.

2. Adaptation:

   • Core Principle: Darwin emphasized the importance of adaptation in the evolutionary process.
   • Survival Advantage: Species with traits that enhance survival and reproduction in a given environment are more likely to persist.

3. Gradualism:

   • Temporal Aspect: Darwin proposed the idea of gradualism, suggesting that evolution occurs gradually over long periods.
   • Cumulative Changes: Small, cumulative changes over time lead to the emergence of new species.

Class 12 Tuition Relevance: Understanding the mechanisms of biological evolution according to de Vries and Darwin is crucial for Class 12 Tuition in biology. It forms the basis for exploring different evolutionary theories and comprehending the processes that drive speciation.

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Conclusion: Grasping the mechanisms of biological evolution according to de Vries and Darwin is fundamental for Class 12 Tuition. UrbanPro facilitates an enriched learning experience, connecting students with knowledgeable tutors and coaching institutes for success in their evolutionary biology studies.