Explain the following. (a) Role of Na+ in the generation of action potential.

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(a) Role of Na+ in the generation of action potential: Sodium ions (Na+) play a crucial role in the generation of action potentials, which are brief electrical signals that propagate along the membrane of neurons. During the resting state of a neuron, the membrane is polarized, with a negative charge...
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(a) Role of Na+ in the generation of action potential: Sodium ions (Na+) play a crucial role in the generation of action potentials, which are brief electrical signals that propagate along the membrane of neurons. During the resting state of a neuron, the membrane is polarized, with a negative charge inside and a positive charge outside. When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane, voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na+ ions to rush into the neuron. This influx of positive charge depolarizes the membrane further, leading to the generation of an action potential. The rapid influx of Na+ ions initiates the rising phase of the action potential, creating an electrical impulse that travels along the neuron. Subsequently, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions (K+) to leave the neuron and repolarize the membrane, restoring its negative charge. Thus, the influx of Na+ ions is essential for triggering and propagating action potentials in neurons. read less
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