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Elements of group 14
(a) exhibit oxidation state of +4 only (b) exhibit oxidation state of +2 and +4
(c) form M2-and M4+ ion (d) form M2+ and M4+ ions.

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The elements of group 14 have 4 electron’s in the outermost shell i.e valence shell hence the oxidation state of the group is +4 As the result of the inert pair effect the lower oxidation state becomes more and more stable and opposite things happen on the other hand the highest oxidation state...
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The elements of group 14 have 4 electron’s in the outermost shell i.e valence shell hence the oxidation state of the group is +4 As the result of the inert pair effect the lower oxidation state becomes more and more stable and opposite things happen on the other hand the highest oxidation state becomes less and less stable Therefore the group has oxidation state from +4 to +2 C (carbon) = oxidation state +4Si (silicon) = oxidation state +4Sn, Pb (lead) = oxidation state +2,+4 read less
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(b) exhibit oxidation state of +2 and +4
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Related Questions

How would you explain the lower atomic radius of Ga as compared to Al?
Ga is present in 3rd period after the d-block in the periodic table, In this due to poor shielding effect of d electron effective nuclear charge increases that pull outershell electron more strongly hence has smaller size.
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