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Carnatic Music > Learn Carnatic Music > What are the 12 swaras of Carnatic music?
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What are the 12 swaras of Carnatic music?

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Sa, Ri1, Ri2, Ga1, Ga2, Ma1, Ma2, Pa, Da1, Da2, Ni1, and Ni2.
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The 12 swaras (notes) of Carnatic music are: - 7 basic swaras: Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da, Ni- 5 additional swaras: Ri1, Ri2, Ri3, Ga2, Ga3, Ma1, Ma2, (some texts consider Ma1 and Ma2 as one)
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The 12 swaras (notes) of Carnatic music are: - 7 basic swaras: Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da, Ni- 5 additional swaras: Ri1, Ri2, Ri3, Ga2, Ga3, Ma1, Ma2, (some texts consider Ma1 and Ma2 as one)
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In Carnatic music, there are 12 basic swaras or notes, which form the foundation of melodies. These include seven primary swaras: Shadjam (Sa), Rishabham (Ri), Gandharam (Ga), Madhyamam (Ma), Panchamam (Pa), Dhaivatam (Dha), and Nishadam (Ni). Among these, Sa and Pa are fixed notes, while the others...
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In Carnatic music, there are 12 basic swaras or notes, which form the foundation of melodies. These include seven primary swaras: Shadjam (Sa), Rishabham (Ri), Gandharam (Ga), Madhyamam (Ma), Panchamam (Pa), Dhaivatam (Dha), and Nishadam (Ni). Among these, Sa and Pa are fixed notes, while the others have variants, creating the 12 swaras: Ri1, Ri2, Ri3; Ga2, Ga3; Ma1, Ma2; Dha1, Dha2, Dha3; and Ni2, Ni3. These variants allow for the creation of different ragas by choosing specific combinations and sequences. This system offers immense scope for melodic expression, making Carnatic music rich and diverse. read less
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