CBSE Updates

Hello everyone!🌷🌹

🔷️USING ADVERBS OF DEGREE TO DESCRIBE VERBS.

🔹"️Quite", "really" and "absolutely" can be used to modify verbs. These modifying words 👉must go before the verb.

🔹️In 🇬🇧UK English "quite" doesn't have as strong an emphasis as "really".
In 🇺🇸US English, the emphasis is stronger.
Example.
I quite enjoy cycling. 🚴‍♂️
"Quite" can be used before "enjoy" and "like."

🔹"️Really" is used to mean "a lot more."
Example.
I really like cycling. 🚵‍♂️
"Really" can be used before "like", "love", "enjoy", "don't like", and "hate."

🔹️"Absolutely" is used in extreme forms.
Example.
I absolutely love cycling.
🚴‍♀️
"Absolutely" can be used before "love" and "hate."

Further examples.
1. He quite likes playing tennis 🎾
2. She really enjoys playing guitar. 🎸
3. He really doesn't like cooking. 🍳🍲🥘
4. They absolutely hate singing.

Have a great time!

The circulatory system consists of a network of artery, veins and pumping organ called the heart.

The additional is the lymphatic system which is discussed separately.

The circulatory system essentially requires blood and heart.

The heart pumps the blood with a force of 120/80mmhg so that it can reach to peripheral organs.

Blood carries not only oxygen, co2 but also nutrition.

Hypoglycemia is the condition when the blood glucose level decreases. ( Brain may stop working if glucose don't reach within 6sec)

Hypoxia is the condition when the blood contains less of O2 and more of CO2. Cellular death occurs when prolonged hypoxia leading to ischemia and necrosis.

Triangle is a simple closed figure made up of three line segments. Let three non-colinear points A, B and C, On joining them, we get a triangle.

Classification of triangle

Based on sides

1. scalene triangle
    all sides unequal
2. isosceles triangle two sides equal

equilateral triangle all sides are equal

based on angle

1. acute-angled: all angles are acute < 90
2. right angle triangle: one angle is 90
3. obtuse-angled triangle: one angle is obtuse.

In simple past tense time is mentioned. 

The adverbs used in the simple past tense are 'last week/last month/last year/a few minutes ago/ in the year 1987 etc.

Example: I met my friend in the year 2006.

We bought our house two years ago. 

My friends went on a picnic last week. 

Whereas, time is not mentioned in the present perfect tense. The adverbs used in the present perfect tense are 'since/for/yet/already etc.

Example: I haven't completed my homework yet. 

I have been teaching online since 2016.

My brother has lived in the UK for ten years.

I have already finished the work. 

She has not completed the work yet.

Since- point of time

For- duration of time

Already- Used in an affirmative sentence to show that something has begun in the past and continues in the present. 

Yet- Used in negative sentences to show that the action began in the past and continues in the present.

Examples: My friend attended an interview last week.

There was an accident in our street yesterday. 

We have not conquered corona yet.

Our government has found a vaccine for the virus.

This History lesson is enormous, and children often end up being confused. They would have read the whole lesson but wouldn't know the topics they need to focus on. Hence mind maps would be required while learning such lessons. Here are a few examples of how I would go about teaching this lesson. It would be a combination of various teaching methodologies.

                                                              DAY 1 LESSON PLAN

Children should first understand what allied powers, central powers and Axis powers are:

DATES TO BE NOTED

OVERVIEW OF THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS LEADING TO THE RISE OF HITLER

1. Germany (Imperial Germany) fought 1st world war with Allies 

2. Allies lost lots of resources.

3. The USA joins partners & defeats Germany.

4. End of imperial rule in Germany

5. Formation of democratic construction with federal structure - Weimer Republic

6. The peace treaty of Versailles - with allies

7. Hyperinflation in Germany

8. Introduction of Dawes plan by the USA - bail out Germany

9. Depression of 1924 - 1928 (worldwide)

10. The USA withdraws support to Germany

11. The economic crisis in Germany

12. People lose confidence in a democratic parliamentary system

13. Rise of Hitler through the Nazi party

LOOKING BACK INTO LIFE THROUGH THE LENS OF SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION

It is quite fascinating for any individual to look back into certain events of life and discover the broader impacts of one’s own experience and vice versa. As sociologists, we often hear that we need to look at the social realities in a sociological way rather than in a commonsensical way.  But how do we look in the so-called sociological way? To elaborate on this, I would take the help of C Wright Mills model of sociological imagination to link my personal experiences and the wider society.

What is all about C Wright Mills sociological imagination? 

C Wright Mills, an American sociologist has authored the book ‘sociological imagination’ in 1959, which is supposedly the Cold War era during which capitalism made America an ascending power, and it had its set of social problems which made Mills connect the biography and history. But why history? Because we are all products of our history. For instance, today, women can exercise their right to vote because someone in the past had fought for these rights and today we are enjoying the fruits of it. Hence, understanding history and linking it to our events becomes very significant. 

He brought back the significance of theory and social responsibility into the light of social sciences. The theory is essential because it helps an individual to make a way out of commonsensical understanding. If we look into commonsensical theory, it is interesting to note that any individual generally makes sense out of things by taking the reference of their immediate small world such as family. But, a sociological way of looking at it, would be looking beyond our more miniature worlds. For instance, as a child I used to believe that, students with bright academics would excel in life. Still, as I grew up, I met and also read about many people out of my societal purview who made it big in life, without essential degrees, and that made me understand that academics are not criteria for success.

Mills also emphasises that the responsibility of a social scientist is not to find solutions to the problems, but rather to define the social issues. It makes sense to me as I believe that the primal approach to any problem is to recognise that there is one. This is why problematizing becomes very important for a social researcher. He further goes on to discuss two major setbacks of the social sciences. One being, an ocean of grand theories and ability of such theories to easily ignore micro units of the social structure. The other setback is his very well known concept, Abstract empiricism; which throws light on adapting the ways of natural sciences or maybe sticking to specific methodologies and methods that the funding client wants the researcher to adhere to. This restricts the researcher to connect to the broader society. 

Linking personal experiences to broader society

As I introspect into my life, the strongest memory that comes to me first is what I used to hear from my grandparents. They often used to say, “Back in those days, we did not have enough food to eat.” Now, this was their problem and in a commonsensical way, one can associate it with accessing to food grains or maybe the economical background. But, as I try to apply the lens of sociological imagination of Mills, I roughly calculated that they belonged to the 1950s and it was the time India was going through chronic poverty. The country was not self-reliant with food grains as it was post-independent era. It was during the same time, India started to experiment with High yield variety (HYV) of seeds to make agriculture commercially viable, and this is what we called as Green revolution. And even in the 1970s, India was still fighting poverty which reminds me of Mrs.Indira Gandhi’s ‘Garibi hatao’ slogan. Connecting history and biography helped me debunk that, the issue my grandparents mentioned was not just their issue, but it was a larger social issue for the entire country.

Moving onto my parent’s generation, who were born in the 1970s, I heard them say that they did not have access to television growing up as it was costly to buy. Looking back into history, though Television came to India in the 1950s, it was restricted only to elites. It was not reached to every nuke and corner of the country until BPL began manufacturing in the 1980s with the inception of liberalisation in the Indian economy. Access to Television, was again a more extensive public issue, not just a personal problem as it was not available for a possible price to the typical person.

Being a millennial, as a child, I had pleased memories of the growing up days. From owning mini doctor equipment, playing video games, watching all kinds of kids related shows such as Disney cartoons, power rangers, to finally accessing the Internet, it still feels like yesterday. Though these were my personal experiences, there is a broader social background to it. All the things mentioned above were possible for me because I grew up during the peak of LPG reforms in the country. Hence, there was access to a variety of International products and services.

Conclusion

As CW Mills rightly quotes that, Sociological imagination promises to enable us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two in the society. Also, in my view, sociological imagination should not be restricted to social researchers alone, instead it is a concept which enables any individual to be able to look beyond the superficial aspects of our social structures. On the other hand, there are some relevant questions that sociologists should often ask, according to CW mills. They are - What is the structure of this particular society as a whole? What are its essential components, and how does it differ from other varieties of social order? And so on.

Lavoisier and Davy studied the terms acids bases and salts.
Acids:
 “Acid” word derived from the Latin word “Acidus” means SOUR.
 Compulsorily have hydrogen
 H⁺ is present in the form of H₃O⁺ when dissolved in water.
 Turns Blue litmus red
Definition:
Acids are defined as the compounds which contain one or more hydrogen atoms and when dissolved in water, produce hydronium ions (H3O+), the only positively charged ions.
Examples: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4), Nitric Acid (HNO3), Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) etc.
According to the ionic theory, an acid is a compound which, when dissolved in water yields hydronium ions (H3O+)as the only positively charged ions.
HCl →  H⁺ + Cl- (Chloride ion)

H⁺ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ (Hydronium ion or simply H⁺)