What is Data?
Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts — numbers, text, clicks, or observations — collected from different sources.

What is Information?
When data is cleaned, structured, and analyzed to draw meaning or insight, it becomes information.

Tools to Work with Data
Popular tools include:

• Excel – for basic calculations, pivot tables, and charts

• SQL – to query and manipulate databases efficiently

• Python – for automation, analysis, and handling larger datasets

• PySpark – used to process big data distributed across systems

Techniques for Analysis
These include sorting, filtering, aggregating, trend analysis, predictive modeling, and data visualization.

Applications in Daily Life
Data analytics powers:

• Mobile recharge suggestions

• Personalized shopping ads

• Traffic predictions in Google Maps

• Loan or EMI calculators

• Health insights from fitness apps

More Key Concepts

• Structured vs. unstructured data

• Importance of data privacy and ethics

• Introduction to dashboards and storytelling with data

• Role of AI and ML in making sense of data

• Real-time vs. batch processing