Class -12

Unit II - Solutions The topics covered under Solutions chapter are: Types of solutions Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids Solubility of gases in liquids Solid solutions Raoult's law Colligative properties Relative lowering of vapour pressure Elevation of boiling point Depression of freezing point Osmotic pressure Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties Abnormal molecular mass Van't Hoff factor Unit III - Electrochemistry The topics covered under Electrochemistry chapter are: Redox reactions EMF of a cell Standard electrode potential Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell Conductance in electrolytic solutions Specific and molar conductivity Variations of conductivity with concentration Kohlrausch's Law Electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea) Dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells Lead accumulator Fuel cells Corrosion Unit IV - Chemical Kinetics The topics covered under Chemical Kinetics chapter are: Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous) Factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst Order and molecularity of a reaction Rate law and specific rate constant Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions) Concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment) Activation energy Arrhenius equation Unit VIII - d and f Block Elements The topics covered under d and f Block elements chapter are: General introduction Electronic configuration Occurrence and characteristics of transition metals General trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties Interstitial compounds Alloy formation Preparation and properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄. Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids. Unit IX - Coordination Compounds The topics covered under Coordination Up to whole syllabus