Class 11

Chapter name is Biodiversity and Conservation biodiversity and Conservation biodiversity  to the variety of life forms on Earth, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. It is categorized into three levels: genetic diversity (within species), species diversity (between species), and ecosystem diversity (variety of habitats). Biodiversity is highest in tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and India is one of the biodiversity hotspots.

Conservation is necessary due to habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, and invasive species, all of which threaten biodiversity. Conservation is of two types: in situ (protecting species in their natural habitat, like national parks and sanctuaries) and ex situ (protecting species outside their habitat, like zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks).

Biodiversity provides ecological balance, food, medicine, and economic benefits. The Red Data Book lists endangered species. Hotspots are regions with rich biodiversity under threat. Conservation efforts include laws, education, and awareness. Protecting biodiversity ensures a healthy environment and future sustainability