Basic C Programming

Week 1: Introduction to C Programming

• Overview of C: History, features, and applications.
• Setting Up: Installing a C compiler (GCC), IDE (Code::Blocks, Visual Studio Code).
• Basic Syntax: Structure of a C program, main function, printf, and scanf.

Week 2: Data Types and Variables

• Variables: Declaring and initializing variables.
• Data Types: int, float, char, double, void.
• Constants: Using #define and const.

Week 3: Operators and Expressions

• Arithmetic Operators: Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus.
• Relational Operators: Equal to, not equal to, greater than, less than, etc.
• Logical Operators: AND, OR, NOT.
• Bitwise Operators: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, shift operators.
• Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, etc.
• Expressions: Combining operators and variables.

Week 4: Control Flow

• Conditional Statements: if, else if, else.
• Switch Case: Using switch and case for multiple conditions.
• Loops: for, while, do-while.
• Control Flow Statements: break, continue, goto.

Week 5: Functions

• Defining Functions: Function declaration, definition, and calling.
• Function Parameters: Passing arguments by value.
• Return Values: Returning values from functions.
• Scope: Local vs global variables.

Week 6: Arrays and Strings

• Arrays: Declaring, initializing, accessing elements.
• Multidimensional Arrays: Working with 2D arrays.
• Strings: Declaring, initializing, string functions (strcpy, strlen, strcmp).

Week 7: Pointers

• Pointer Basics: Declaration, initialization, and dereferencing.
• Pointer Arithmetic: Incrementing/decrementing pointers.
• Pointers and Arrays: Relationship between arrays and pointers.
• Function Pointers: Using pointers to functions.

Week 8: Structures and Unions

• Structures: Defining and using structures.
• Nested Structures: Structures within structures.
• Unions: Defining and using unions.
• Enumerations: Defining and using enums.

Week 9: Dynamic Memory Allocation

• Memory Management: malloc, calloc, realloc, free.
• Pointers and Dynamic Memory: Using pointers for dynamic memory.

Week 10: File Handling

• File Operations: Opening, reading, writing, closing files.
• File Modes: Reading (r), writing (w), appending (a).
• Binary Files: Reading and writing binary files.

Week 11: Preprocessor Directives

• Macros: Using #define for constants and macros.
• File Inclusion: #include directive.
• Conditional Compilation: #ifdef, #ifndef, #endif.