Class 12 Biology – CBSE Detailed Course Plan (Chapter-wise)

Duration: ~36 weeks teaching + 6–8 weeks revision

Textbook: NCERT Biology Class XII

Unit 1 – Reproduction (Chapter 1–4) – 5 Weeks

1. Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms (1 week)

   • Concepts: Asexual vs sexual reproduction, lifespan, modes of reproduction.

   • Activity: Chart showing life spans of various organisms.

2. Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (1.5 weeks)

   • Pollination types, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation events, seeds, fruits.

   • Diagrams: L.S. flower, pollen grain, embryo sac.

   • Activity: Mount of pollen grains & ovules.

3. Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction (1.5 weeks)

   • Male & female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, fertilisation, implantation, pregnancy, parturition.

   • Diagram: Reproductive systems, gametogenesis stages.

4. Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health (1 week)

   • Contraceptive methods, MTP, infertility, ART methods (IVF, ZIFT, GIFT).

• Unit Test 1 after completion.

Unit 2 – Genetics and Evolution (Chapter 5–7) – 6 Weeks

5. Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation (2 weeks)

   • Mendelian laws, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, linkage, crossing over, sex determination, mutations.

   • Activities: Solve genetic cross problems.

6. Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance (2.5 weeks)

   • DNA, RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, regulation, human genome project, DNA fingerprinting.

7. Chapter 7 – Evolution (1.5 weeks)

   • Origin of life, Darwinism, Hardy-Weinberg, evidences, speciation, human evolution.

• Unit Test 2 after completion.

Unit 3 – Biology in Human Welfare (Chapter 8–10) – 4 Weeks

8. Chapter 8 – Human Health and Disease (1.5 weeks)

   • Immunity, vaccines, common diseases, AIDS, cancer, drug/alcohol abuse.

9. Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (1 week)

   • Animal breeding, plant breeding, tissue culture, single-cell protein.

10. Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare (1.5 weeks)

    • Role in household, industry, sewage treatment, biogas, biocontrol, biofertilisers.

Unit 4 – Biotechnology (Chapter 11–12) – 3 Weeks

11. Chapter 11 – Biotechnology – Principles and Processes (1.5 weeks)

    • Genetic engineering tools (restriction enzymes, vectors), cloning, PCR, bioreactors.

12. Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and Its Applications (1.5 weeks)

    • GM crops, transgenic animals, bioethics, biosafety issues.

Unit 5 – Ecology (Chapter 13–16) – 4 Weeks

13. Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations (1 week)

    • Population attributes, interactions (predation, competition, symbiosis).

14. Chapter 14 – Ecosystem (1 week)

    • Components, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids.

15. Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation (1 week)

    • Levels of biodiversity, hotspots, threats, conservation methods.

16. Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues (1 week)

    • Pollution, climate change, ozone depletion, solid waste management.

Revision Plan – 6–8 Weeks

• Month 9:

  • Unit-wise quick revision with important NCERT diagrams.

  • Solve NCERT Exemplar + Previous Year Papers.

  • Weekly full syllabus mock test.

• Month 10:

  • 100% focus on weak chapters and diagram-based questions.

  • Practice flowcharts & keywords from NCERT for 3–5 mark questions.

Weekly Routine

• 3–4 days theory (new topics)

• 1 day diagrams + lab work

• 1 day problem-solving / MCQs

• 1 day test & recap

Practical Work Integration

• Microscopy: Pollen germination, mitosis slides.

• Spotting: Flowers, seeds, permanent slides.

• Experiments: Study of prepared slides of meiosis, pollen tube growth, effect of different temperatures on pollen germination.

High-weightage Chapters for CBSE Boards

• Molecular Basis of Inheritance (10 marks)

• Human Reproduction (6–7 marks)

• Principles of Inheritance and Variation (6–7 marks)

• Ecosystem + Biodiversity & Conservation (8–10 marks combined)

• Biotechnology chapters (8 marks)