0Electric Current (I)
✅ Definition:
Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge.
I=QtI = \frac{Q}{t}I=tQ
Where:
-
QQQ = charge
-
ttt = time
Unit:
Ampere (A)
Simple Meaning:
If electrons move through a wire → current flows.
👉 More moving charges per second = more current.
🔹 2️⃣ Voltage (V)
✅ Definition:
Voltage is the potential difference between two points.
It tells us how much energy per charge is given.
V=WQV = \frac{W}{Q}V=QW
Where:
-
WWW = work done
-
QQQ = charge
Unit:
Volt (V)
Simple Meaning:
Voltage is the push that makes charges move.
🧠 Easy Example (Water Analogy)
Imagine water flowing in a pipe:
| Electricity | Water Analogy |
|---|---|
| Voltage | Water pressure |
| Current | Water flow rate |
-
High pressure → more water flow
-
High voltage → more current (if resistance same)
🔥 Key Differences
| Voltage | Current |
|---|---|
| Cause | Effect |
| Pushes electrons | Flow of electrons |
| Measured in volts | Measured in amperes |
| Measured using voltmeter | Measured using ammeter |
| Connected in parallel | Connected in series |
📘 Relation Between Voltage & Current
They are related by Ohm’s Law, given by
Georg Simon Ohm:
V=IRV = IRV=IR
Where:
-
VVV = voltage
-
III = current
-
RRR = resistance
👉 If resistance is constant:
-
More voltage → more current
-
Less voltage → less current
🎯 Real-Life Example
A 9V battery:
-
Voltage = 9V (push)
-
Current depends on the device connected
If resistance is small → more current flows.
🚀 In One Line
Voltage = “Push”
Current = “Flow”
