0What is Magnetism?
Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion exhibited by materials like iron, cobalt, and nickel.
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A magnet has two poles: North (N) and South (S).
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Like poles repel, unlike poles attract.
📌 Magnetic Field
Magnetic field is the region around a magnet where magnetic forces can be detected.
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Denoted by B⃗\vec{B}B
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SI unit = Tesla (T)
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Magnetic field lines:
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Emerge from North pole
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Enter South pole
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Never intersect
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📌 Magnetic Properties of Matter
Materials respond to magnetic fields differently:
| Type | Response | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Diamagnetic | Weakly repelled by magnetic field | Copper, Bismuth, Water |
| Paramagnetic | Weakly attracted by magnetic field | Aluminium, Oxygen |
| Ferromagnetic | Strongly attracted, can retain magnetism | Iron, Cobalt, Nickel |
| Antiferromagnetic | Spins of atoms cancel each other | Manganese Oxide |
| Ferrimagnetic | Partial alignment, net magnetization | Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) |
