What are the different white box testing techniques?

White box testing, also known as clear box testing or structural testing, involves testing the internal structures or workings of an application. Here are some key techniques used in white box testing: 1. **Unit Testing**: Focuses on individual components or functions of the software to ensure they work as expected. 2. **Integration Testing**: Examines how different modules or components interact with each other to ensure they work together correctly. 3. **Code Coverage Analysis**: Measures how much of the code is exercised by the test cases, using metrics such as statement coverage, branch coverage, and path coverage. 4. **Path Testing**: Tests all possible paths in the code to ensure each path works correctly. 5. **Branch Testing**: Focuses on testing all the possible branches in the control flow of the program, usually involving decision points. 6. **Condition Testing**: Ensures that each condition in a decision-making statement (like an `if` statement) is tested to verify that it behaves as expected. 7. **Mutation Testing**: Introduces small changes or mutations to the code to determine if the existing test cases can detect the changes, ensuring the tests are robust. 8. **Data Flow Testing**: Analyzes the flow of data through the code to ensure that data variables are correctly defined, used, and maintained. 9. **Control Flow Testing**: Focuses on testing the control flow of the application to ensure that all paths and loops are functioning as expected. 10. **Statement Testing**: Tests individual statements in the code to ensure they execute correctly. These techniques help ensure that the internal logic of the application is correct and that all code paths and conditions are adequately tested. read less