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In Selenium web driver, the biggest challenge is to synchronize your script with the Web application under test. To make this synchronization work, we have concept of waits. Although we can use Thread.sleep() which pauses your script for the specified milliseconds but it is not recommended to use as whether your requirement is fulfilled or not, it is definitely going to pause your script for the specified time. 

   Instead if we use waits we give a maximum timeout. For example, if we have given a maximum timeout of 20 seconds and our requirement gets fulfilled in just 2 seconds so remaining 18 seconds will be saved and it will continue with the next line of code. 

Mainly we have these types of waits:

1. Implicit wait

2. Explicit wait

3. Page load timeout

So it's always recommended to use waits instead of Thread.sleep() if your requirement is to wait for some web element to be visible, cllickable, element present or not, and so on. 

First this is your resume will undergo Pre screening in MNC companies when your resume will undergo stringent check . In pre screening they will identify Red dots(critical, major, and minor). Education and work Gap will be considered as ***critical red dot, but still  you can justify and convince If it a small company the panel would just look at your technial back ground

- Big data is a complex term which is difficult to manage a traditional system like RDBMS, DB2, SQL etc.

- Hadoop is an open-source software framework, for storing massive data and running applications on a cluster of the commodity.

- It provides massive storages, enumerates processing power and ability to handle multiple concord task or job.

* Characteristics of Hadoop :

1. Open source -> Free of cost

2. Volume -> No limit of data

3. Velocity -> Multithreading and Parallel processing

4. Veracity -> 100% secure

5. Verities -> Structure and unstructured

6. Variability -> Dynamic behaviour

7. Visualization -> Visualizing meaningful usage of data.

* Features of Hadoop:

1. Distributed processing

2. Fault Tolerance

3. Reliability

4. High Availability

5. Scalability

6. Economic

7. Easy to use.

* Limitations of Hadoop:

1. Issues with small files.

2. Support only batch processing.

3. Iterative Processing.

4. Vulnerable by natures.

5. Security.