Relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy: The Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy are two key components of the Indian Constitution that work together to promote social justice, equality, and the welfare of citizens. While Fundamental Rights are justiciable and enforceable through the courts, Directive Principles provide guidelines and principles for the government to follow in formulating policies and legislation. The relationship between the two is complementary, with Directive Principles serving as a blueprint for the realization of the ideals enshrined in Fundamental Rights. For example, while Fundamental Rights guarantee individual liberties such as freedom of speech, religion, and equality before the law, Directive Principles call for measures to promote social and economic justice, such as the elimination of poverty, the provision of education and healthcare, and the protection of workers' rights. Together, these constitutional provisions seek to create a more just, equitable, and inclusive society.

Fundamental Duties of a Citizen in Constitution of India: The Fundamental Duties of a Citizen are a set of moral and civic obligations outlined in Part IV-A of the Indian Constitution. These duties serve to remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and promote a sense of civic consciousness, social responsibility, and national unity. Some of the fundamental duties prescribed by the Constitution include:

• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions.
• To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
• To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
• To develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.

Provisions of the Right to Equality: The Right to Equality is enshrined in Articles 14 to 18 of the Indian Constitution and guarantees equal protection of laws and equal treatment before the law for all citizens. Some of the key provisions of the Right to Equality include:

• Equality before the law: Article 14 ensures that the state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
• Prohibition of discrimination: Article 15 prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth, and empowers the state to make special provisions for the advancement of socially and educationally backward classes.
• Equality of opportunity in public employment: Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, descent, place of birth, or residence.
• Abolition of untouchability: Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
• Abolition of titles: Article 18 prohibits the conferment of titles by the state and prohibits citizens from accepting titles from any foreign state.

"The Right to Freedom is a cluster of several rights": The Right to Freedom, as guaranteed by the Indian Constitution, encompasses a cluster of several rights that protect individual liberties and freedoms. These rights are outlined in Articles 19 to 22 of the Constitution and include:

• Freedom of speech and expression (Article 19(1)(a))
• Freedom to assemble peacefully and without arms (Article 19(1)(b))
• Freedom to form associations or unions (Article 19(1)(c))
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India (Article 19(1)(d))
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India (Article 19(1)(e))
• Freedom to practice any profession, occupation, trade, or business (Article 19(1)(g))
• Protection in respect of conviction for offenses (Article 20)
• Protection of life and personal liberty (Article 21)
• Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases (Article 22)

National Human Rights Commission: The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, to protect and promote human rights in India. The NHRC is responsible for investigating complaints of human rights violations, conducting inquiries, and making recommendations to the government and other authorities for remedial action. It also undertakes initiatives to raise awareness about human rights issues, promote human rights education and research, and support the work of civil society organizations and human rights defenders. The NHRC plays a crucial role in safeguarding human rights, upholding the rule of law, and ensuring accountability and transparency in governance.