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Q2:
Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that both the cards are black.
Solution :
Step 1: Analyzing the Sample Space
A standard deck of playing cards contains $N = 52$ total cards. Within this deck, the cards are categorized by color:
- Black Cards: Spades ($13$) and Clubs ($13$), totaling $n(B) = 26$ cards.
- Red Cards: Hearts ($13$) and Diamonds ($13$), totaling $n(R) = 26$ cards.
Step 2: Defining the Events
Let $E_1$ be the event that the first card drawn is black, and $E_2$ be the event that the second card drawn is black. We are required to find the probability of the intersection of these two events, $P(E_1 \cap E_2)$, given that the drawing is performed without replacement.
Step 3: Calculating Conditional Probabilities
The probability of drawing the first black card is:
$P(E_1) = \frac{\text{Number of black cards}}{\text{Total number of cards}} = \frac{26}{52} = \frac{1}{2}$
Since the first card is not replaced, the composition of the deck changes for the second draw:
- Remaining total cards: $N' = 51$
- Remaining black cards: $n'(B) = 26 - 1 = 25$
The conditional probability of drawing a second black card given the first was black is:
$P(E_2 | E_1) = \frac{25}{51}$
Step 4: Calculating the Joint Probability
Using the Multiplication Rule of Probability for dependent events:
$P(E_1 \cap E_2) = P(E_1) \times P(E_2 | E_1)$
$P(E_1 \cap E_2) = \frac{26}{52} \times \frac{25}{51}$
$P(E_1 \cap E_2) = \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{25}{51}$
$P(E_1 \cap E_2) = \frac{25}{102}$
Visualization of Selection Process
Final Solution: The probability that both cards drawn are black is $\frac{25}{102}$.
More Questions from Class 12 Mathematics Probability EXERCISE 13.2
- Q1: If $P(A) = \frac{3}{5}$ and $P(B) = \frac{1}{5}$, find $P(A \cap B)$ if A and B are independent events.
- Q3: A box of oranges is inspected by examining three randomly selected oranges drawn without replacement. If all the three oranges are good, the box is approved for sale, otherwise, it is rejected. Find the probability that a box containing 15 oranges out of which 12 are good and 3 are bad ones will be approved for sale.
- Q4: A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the coin’ and B be the event ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or not.
- Q5: A die marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed. Let A be the event, ‘the number is even,’ and B be the event, ‘the number is red’. Are A and B independent?
- Q6: Let E and F be events with $P(E) = \frac{3}{5}$, $P(F) = \frac{3}{10}$ and $P(E \cap F) = \frac{1}{5}$. Are E and F independent?
- Q7(i): Given that the events A and B are such that $P(A) = \frac{1}{2}$, $P(A \cup B) = \frac{3}{5}$ and $P(B) = p$. Find $p$ if they are (i) mutually exclusive
- Q7(ii): Given that the events A and B are such that $P(A) = \frac{1}{2}$, $P(A \cup B) = \frac{3}{5}$ and $P(B) = p$. Find $p$ if they are (ii) independent.
- Q8(i): Let A and B be independent events with $P(A) = 0.3$ and $P(B) = 0.4$. Find (i) $P(A \cap B)$
- Q8(ii): Let A and B be independent events with $P(A) = 0.3$ and $P(B) = 0.4$. Find (ii) $P(A \cup B)$
- Q8(iii): Let A and B be independent events with $P(A) = 0.3$ and $P(B) = 0.4$. Find (iii) $P(A|B)$
- Q8(iv): Let A and B be independent events with $P(A) = 0.3$ and $P(B) = 0.4$. Find (iv) $P(B|A)$
- Q9: If A and B are two events such that $P(A) = \frac{1}{4}$, $P(B) = \frac{1}{2}$ and $P(A \cap B) = \frac{1}{8}$, find P (not A and not B).
- Q10: Events A and B are such that $P(A) = \frac{1}{2}$, $P(B) = \frac{7}{12}$ and P(not A or not B) = $\frac{1}{4}$. State whether A and B are independent ?
- Q11(i): Given two independent events A and B such that $P(A) = 0.3$, $P(B) = 0.6$. Find (i) P(A and B)
- Q11(ii): Given two independent events A and B such that $P(A) = 0.3$, $P(B) = 0.6$. Find (ii) P(A and not B)
- Q11(iii): Given two independent events A and B such that $P(A) = 0.3$, $P(B) = 0.6$. Find (iii) P(A or B)
- Q11(iv): Given two independent events A and B such that $P(A) = 0.3$, $P(B) = 0.6$. Find (iv) P(neither A nor B)
- Q12: A die is tossed thrice. Find the probability of getting an odd number at least once.
- Q13(i): Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that (i) both balls are red.
- Q13(ii): Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that (ii) first ball is black and second is red.
- Q13(iii): Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing 10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that (iii) one of them is black and other is red.
- Q14(i): Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (i) the problem is solved
- Q14(ii): Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B are $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{1}{3}$ respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently, find the probability that (ii) exactly one of them solves the problem.
- Q15(i): One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ? (i) E : ‘the card drawn is a spade’, F : ‘the card drawn is an ace’
- Q15(ii): One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ? (ii) E : ‘the card drawn is black’, F : ‘the card drawn is a king’
- Q15(iii): One card is drawn at random from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the following cases are the events E and F independent ? (iii) E : ‘the card drawn is a king or queen’, F : ‘the card drawn is a queen or jack’.
- Q16(a): In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random. (a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English newspapers.
- Q16(b): In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random. (b) If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads English newspaper.
- Q16(c): In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read English newspaper and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A student is selected at random. (c) If she reads English newspaper, find the probability that she reads Hindi newspaper.
- Q17: The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is
- Q18: Two events A and B will be independent, if
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Mathematics Probability
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