Find the best tutors and institutes for Class 12 Tuition
Q9:
Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why?
Solution :
1. Biological Basis of Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in offspring that are genetically distinct from their parents. Unlike asexual reproduction, which relies on mitosis and produces clones, sexual reproduction utilizes meiosis to introduce genetic recombination [Per the Principle of Independent Assortment and Crossing Over].
2. Genetic Variation and Evolutionary Advantage
The primary complexity of sexual reproduction—involving gametogenesis, pollination/copulation, and syngamy—is justified by the necessity of Genetic Variation. By shuffling parental alleles, sexual reproduction creates new phenotypic combinations that allow populations to adapt to fluctuating environments [Per the Synthetic Theory of Evolution].
3. Comparative Analysis of Reproductive Strategies
| Feature | Asexual Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction |
|---|---|---|
| Genetic Diversity | Minimal (Clonal) | High (Recombined) |
| Environmental Fitness | Stable only | High (Adaptable) |
| Evolutionary Potential | Limited | Significant |
4. Mechanistic Advantages Over Asexual Reproduction
- Purging Deleterious Mutations: Through the process of recombination and selection, sexual organisms are more efficient at eliminating harmful mutations from the gene pool [Reference: Muller’s Ratchet hypothesis].
- Adaptation to Pathogens: Genetic variation provides a "moving target" for pathogens and parasites, preventing complete population decimation through a phenomenon known as the Red Queen Hypothesis.
- Enhanced Survival: While the process is energetically expensive, the long-term survival of the species is prioritized over the immediate energy efficiency of asexual reproduction.
5. Conclusion
The complexity of sexual reproduction is an evolutionary investment. By ensuring high levels of genetic variation, higher organisms can survive environmental changes, resist biotic stressors, and evolve more rapidly than asexual counterparts. The cost of energy-intensive processes is outweighed by the increase in fitness provided by genetic recombination.
Final Solution: Sexual reproduction is preferred in higher organisms because it introduces genetic variation through recombination, facilitates the elimination of deleterious mutations, and enhances the capability of the population to adapt to changing environmental conditions, thereby ensuring long-term species survival.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproduction in Organisms EXERCISES
- Q1: Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
- Q1: Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
- Q2: Which is a better mode of reproduction: sexual or asexual? Why?
- Q2: Which is a better mode of reproduction: sexual or asexual? Why?
- Q3: Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
- Q3: Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
- Q4: Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always true?
- Q4: Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always true?
- Q5: How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
- Q5: How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
- Q6: Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a type of asexual reproduction?
- Q6: Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a type of asexual reproduction?
- Q7: What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
- Q7: What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
- Q8(a): Define (a) Juvenile phase,
- Q8(a): Define (a) Juvenile phase,
- Q8(b): Define (b) Reproductive phase,
- Q8(b): Define (b) Reproductive phase,
- Q8(c): Define (c) Senescent phase.
- Q8(c): Define (c) Senescent phase.
- Q9: Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why?
- Q10: Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
- Q10: Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
- Q11(a): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (a) Ovary ———————————
- Q11(a): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (a) Ovary ———————————
- Q11(b): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (b) Anther ———————————
- Q11(b): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (b) Anther ———————————
- Q11(c): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (c) Egg ———————————
- Q11(c): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (c) Egg ———————————
- Q11(d): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (d) Pollen ———————————
- Q11(d): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (d) Pollen ———————————
- Q11(e): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (e) Male gamete ———————————
- Q11(e): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (e) Male gamete ———————————
- Q11(f): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (f) Zygote ———————————
- Q11(f): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (f ) Zygote ———————————
- Q12: Define external fertilisation. Mention its disadvantages.
- Q12: Define external fertilisation. Mention its disadvantages.
- Q13: Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
- Q13: Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
- Q14: Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.
- Q14: Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.
- Q15: Describe the post-fertilisation changes in a flower.
- Q15: Describe the post-fertilisation changes in a flower.
- Q16: What is a bisexual flower? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighbourhood and with the help of your teacher find out their common and scientific names.
- Q16: What is a bisexual flower? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighbourhood and with the help of your teacher find out their common and scientific names.
- Q17: Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?
- Q17: Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?
- Q18: Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of viviparous animals?
- Q18: Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of viviparous animals?
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproduction in Organisms
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
Top Tutors who teach Reproduction in Organisms
Top Tutor
Tezpur Airpur Area, Tezpur
7 yrs of
Exp
2 students
421 hrs of classes completed
450
per hour
Online Classes
Tutor's home
I am a mathematics teacher. I have been working in schools from last 6-7 years , and i was giving tutions at my home and even in an insitute in delhi from last 5-7 years. I shifted to tezpur,Assam in April 2021. my last job was in air force school hindan and I currently work at Air force school tezpur. i have a degree in msc mathematics and b.ed. i teach mathematics upto class 12. my key skills are in ms office , mathematics project, calligraphy , and can help out students in their various activities.
She is really amazing tutor you can ever have.She guides her students really well.She helps her students everytime. She motivates her students always. She supports her students always. She explains really nicely.
Top Tutor
P847+PC6 Thrissur, Thrissur
17 yrs of
Exp
10 students
501 hrs of classes completed
600
per hour
Online Classes
I believe in conceptual learning and always relate the content to real life situations. I discourage the rote learning and promote the application of the concept in daily life situation.
I have enjoyed madam's classes a lot. Her sessions are very engaging. She has helped me to understand even the difficult concepts easily.
Super Tutor
Panvel, Mumbai
12 yrs of
Exp
21 students
3283 hrs of classes completed
500
per hour
Online Classes
I provide private tuition for Physics and Mathematics for Class XI and XII (All Boards) Physics for Engineering Aspirants Physics for Medical Aspirants Class IX and X Mathematics and Science.
I am grateful that my son have been taught by you. Your dedication, knowledge, and passion for teaching make every class engaging and productive. You explain complex concepts in a simple and understandable manner. Thank you Sir .
Super Tutor
Lalpur, Ranchi
9 yrs of
Exp
8 students
3155 hrs of classes completed
600
per hour
Online Classes
I am a qualified and dedicated teacher, having 10 years of teaching and research experience across different boards including CBSE, ICSE, IGCSE, IB, GCSE, and Australian Board. I specialize in guiding students from Class 8 to Post Graduation, helping them achieve academic excellence with a tailored and engaging teaching approach. I bring in-depth knowledge and expertise to my sessions. Qualifications: • Ph. D (Science) – BIT Mesra, Ranchi • CSIR UGC NET (2011) AIR-14 • ICAR NET (2010) • ICAR NET (2018) • GATE (2009) My student-centered approach focuses on assessing individual learning needs, bridging knowledge gaps, and fostering critical thinking through interactive methods like discussions, visual aids, and hands-on activities. Regular feedback and personalized guidance empower students to excel and develop a lifelong love for learning.
Well explained and great teacher with patience, ensures we understand the concepts clearly. Well organised as well. Thank you for helping
Top Tutor
Krishnarajapura, Bangalore
10 yrs of
Exp
5 students
399 hrs of classes completed
500
per hour
Online Classes
Tutor's home
I am an IITian. Passed out from IIT Delhi. Teaching is my passion. I have seven years of teaching experience teach chemistry, Biology ,Biochemistry, Biotechnology for class 11 and 12 from different boards.I teach chemistry for entrance exams like NEET, JEE.
Anasuya mam teaches each topic in detail and giving excellent support in JEE chemistry preparations.
