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Q11(b):
Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)).
(b) Anther ———————————
Solution :
Biological Context & Initial Setup
In angiosperms (flowering plants), the dominant phase of the life cycle is the sporophytic generation. We are tasked with determining the ploidy level—whether haploid ($n$) or diploid ($2n$)—of the anther, a specific anatomical component of the flower.
Step 1: Morphological Identification of the Anther
The anther is the terminal, typically bilobed, fertile portion of the stamen, which serves as the male reproductive organ of a flower. It is anatomically supported by the filament. The primary biological function of the anther is to act as the site for microsporogenesis (the formation of pollen grains).
Step 2: Cytological Analysis & Ploidy Determination
To determine the ploidy of any plant part, we must trace its developmental origin.
- Sporophyte Generation: The entire somatic (structural) body of a flowering plant—including roots, stems, leaves, and floral appendages (sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels)—develops from a zygote via mitotic cell divisions.
- Ploidy Level: [Per the Alternation of Generations in Angiosperms], the main plant body represents the sporophyte phase, which inherently carries a diploid chromosome complement ($2n$).
- Because the anther is a vegetative/somatic structure born directly on the sporophyte, its constituent anatomical tissues (epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and connective tissue) are exclusively diploid ($2n$).
Step 3: Internal Differentiation & Meiotic Clarification
A rigorous biological analysis requires distinguishing between the structural container (the anther itself) and the reproductive cells it temporarily houses.
Inside the anther's microsporangia is the Sporogenous Tissue, consisting of Microspore Mother Cells (MMCs). These MMCs are initially diploid ($2n$). They undergo meiosis (reductional division) to produce microspores, which develop into pollen grains. These pollen grains represent the male gametophyte generation and are definitively haploid ($n$). However, the structural framework of the anther that produces and surrounds them remains a diploid ($2n$) entity.
*Advanced Note: While specialized inner layers, such as the tapetum, may undergo endomitosis to become polyploid (e.g., $4n$, $8n$) to support developing pollen, the baseline fundamental ploidy of the anther organ as a whole is classified as diploid ($2n$).
Step 4: Spatial & Structural Visualization
The high-precision diagram below delineates the ploidy levels of the structural anther tissues versus the meiotically derived spores within it.
Final Solution: The anther is fundamentally a somatic component of the plant's sporophytic generation. Therefore, the anther is Diploid ($2n$).
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Reproduction in Organisms EXERCISES
- Q1: Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
- Q1: Why is reproduction essential for organisms?
- Q2: Which is a better mode of reproduction: sexual or asexual? Why?
- Q2: Which is a better mode of reproduction: sexual or asexual? Why?
- Q3: Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
- Q3: Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred to as clone?
- Q4: Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always true?
- Q4: Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival. Why? Is this statement always true?
- Q5: How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
- Q5: How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?
- Q6: Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a type of asexual reproduction?
- Q6: Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Why is vegetative reproduction also considered as a type of asexual reproduction?
- Q7: What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
- Q7: What is vegetative propagation? Give two suitable examples.
- Q8(a): Define (a) Juvenile phase,
- Q8(a): Define (a) Juvenile phase,
- Q8(b): Define (b) Reproductive phase,
- Q8(b): Define (b) Reproductive phase,
- Q8(c): Define (c) Senescent phase.
- Q8(c): Define (c) Senescent phase.
- Q9: Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why?
- Q9: Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why?
- Q10: Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
- Q10: Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
- Q11(a): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (a) Ovary ———————————
- Q11(a): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (a) Ovary ———————————
- Q11(b): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (b) Anther ———————————
- Q11(c): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (c) Egg ———————————
- Q11(c): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (c) Egg ———————————
- Q11(d): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (d) Pollen ———————————
- Q11(d): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (d) Pollen ———————————
- Q11(e): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (e) Male gamete ———————————
- Q11(e): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (e) Male gamete ———————————
- Q11(f): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (\(n\)) or diploid (\(2n\)). (f) Zygote ———————————
- Q11(f): Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid ((n)) or diploid ((2n)). (f ) Zygote ———————————
- Q12: Define external fertilisation. Mention its disadvantages.
- Q12: Define external fertilisation. Mention its disadvantages.
- Q13: Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
- Q13: Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
- Q14: Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.
- Q14: Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.
- Q15: Describe the post-fertilisation changes in a flower.
- Q15: Describe the post-fertilisation changes in a flower.
- Q16: What is a bisexual flower? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighbourhood and with the help of your teacher find out their common and scientific names.
- Q16: What is a bisexual flower? Collect five bisexual flowers from your neighbourhood and with the help of your teacher find out their common and scientific names.
- Q17: Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?
- Q17: Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?
- Q18: Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of viviparous animals?
- Q18: Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of viviparous animals?
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Reproduction in Organisms
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Evolution
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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