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Q2:
Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.
Solution :
1. Analysis of Recent Fossil Discoveries: The Case of Homo naledi
A significant, albeit controversial, discovery in recent paleoanthropology is the identification of Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave system (Dinaledi Chamber), South Africa. This discovery, led by Lee Berger and team, provides a unique case study in evolutionary biology [Per the theory of mosaic evolution].
2. Morphological Profile & Theoretical Implications
Homo naledi exhibits a mosaic of primitive and derived features, challenging traditional linear models of human evolution [By the principle of cladistic analysis].
| Feature | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Small cranial capacity (~500 cc) | Australopithecine-like |
| Human-like wrist, palm, and thumb | Derived Homo-like |
| Curved phalanges | Arboreal adaptation |
3. Scientific Controversy: The "Burial" Hypothesis
The primary controversy surrounding Homo naledi involves the assertion that they practiced intentional disposal of their dead and created symbolic carvings on cave walls.
- Proponent Argument: Researchers argue that the spatial distribution of fossils suggests intentional "burial" in small, confined spaces, implying complex cognition [According to the Cognition-Evolution hypothesis].
- Academic Opposition: Critics argue that there is insufficient stratigraphic evidence to prove intentional burial. Geologists suggest natural taphonomic processes (e.g., water ingress or sediment shifting) could account for the bone concentration [Per the Law of Superposition and Taphonomic analysis].
4. Visual Representation of Fossil Stratigraphy
5. Academic Synthesis
The controversy illustrates the scientific method's reliance on empirical testing versus interpretation. While the morphological age of Homo naledi is dated to approximately $236,000$ to $335,000$ years ago [Using U-Th dating and ESR], the behavioral interpretations remain under rigorous peer review.
Final Solution: The discovery of Homo naledi exemplifies a "mosaic evolution" pattern, challenging the linearity of the human ancestral tree. The ensuing controversy regarding deliberate burial practices underscores the necessity of interdisciplinary validation—combining osteology, stratigraphy, and taphonomy—before designating behaviors as "human-like" or "symbolic" in the fossil record.
More Questions from Class 12 Biology Evolution EXERCISES
- Q1: Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory.
- Q1: Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory.
- Q2: Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.
- Q3: Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.
- Q3: Attempt giving a clear definition of the term species.
- Q4: Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)
- Q4: Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)
- Q5: Find out through internet and popular science articles whether animals other than man has self-consciousness.
- Q5: Find out through internet and popular science articles whether animals other than man has self-consciousness.
- Q6: List 10 modern-day animals and using the internet resources link it to a corresponding ancient fossil. Name both.
- Q6: List 10 modern-day animals and using the internet resources link it to a corresponding ancient fossil. Name both.
- Q7: Practise drawing various animals and plants.
- Q7: Practise drawing various animals and plants.
- Q8: Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
- Q8: Describe one example of adaptive radiation.
- Q9: Can we call human evolution as adaptive radiation?
- Q9: Can we call human evolution as adaptive radiation?
- Q10: Using various resources such as your school Library or the internet and discussions with your teacher, trace the evolutionary stages of any one animal, say horse.
- Q10: Using various resources such as your school Library or the internet and discussions with your teacher, trace the evolutionary stages of any one animal, say horse.
CBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Evolution
Chapters in CBSE - Class 12 Biology
- Reproduction in Organisms
- Human Reproduction
- Reproductive Health
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
- Human Health and Disease
- Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
- Microbes in Human Welfare
- Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
- Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Organisms and Populations
- Ecosystem
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Issues
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