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Q4.4(c):
State with reasons, whether the following algebraic operations with scalar and vector physical quantities are meaningful : (c) multiplying any vector by any scalar,

Solution :

Theoretical Basis for Scalar-Vector Multiplication

The operation of multiplying a vector $\vec{A}$ by a scalar $s$ is defined within the framework of vector algebra. This operation results in a new vector $\vec{B}$, such that $\vec{B} = s\vec{A}$.

Step 1: Analyzing Mathematical Meaningfulness

The operation is mathematically meaningful because it adheres to the rules of linear scaling in vector spaces. The resulting vector $\vec{B}$ possesses the following properties:

  • Magnitude: The magnitude of the new vector is the product of the absolute value of the scalar and the magnitude of the original vector: $|\vec{B}| = |s| |\vec{A}|$. [Per the axioms of Vector Space definition].
  • Direction:
    • If $s > 0$, the direction of $\vec{B}$ is identical to the direction of $\vec{A}$.
    • If $s < 0$, the direction of $\vec{B}$ is exactly opposite to the direction of $\vec{A}$.

Step 2: Physical Significance and Dimension Consistency

In physics, this operation is highly meaningful and frequently employed to represent physical laws. The product of a scalar and a vector yields a new vector quantity, provided the dimensions are compatible.

A B = 2A

Example of Physical Application:

Operation Scalar ($s$) Vector ($\vec{A}$) Result ($\vec{B}$)
Newton's Second Law Mass ($m$) Acceleration ($\vec{a}$) Force ($\vec{F} = m\vec{a}$)

Step 3: Justification of Validity

The operation is meaningful because:

  1. It preserves the vector properties under the distributive law: $s(\vec{A} + \vec{B}) = s\vec{A} + s\vec{B}$.
  2. It allows for the scaling of physical quantities without altering their fundamental vector nature, essentially changing the "intensity" or "magnitude" of the quantity while keeping the orientation invariant (or reversing it for negative scalars).

Final Solution: Yes, multiplying any vector by any scalar is a physically and mathematically meaningful operation. It results in a new vector whose magnitude is scaled by the factor $|s|$ and whose direction is either parallel or anti-parallel to the original vector, depending on the sign of the scalar.


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