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Q5.33(d):

A monkey of mass 40 kg climbs on a rope (Fig. 5.20) which can stand a maximum tension of 600 N. In which of the following cases will the rope break: the monkey (d) falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity? (Ignore the mass of the rope).

Solution :

Step 1: Given Variables & Theoretical Foundation

To determine if the rope breaks, we must calculate the tension ($T$) acting on the rope when the monkey is falling under the specified condition. The criteria for the rope breaking is if the calculated tension $T$ exceeds the maximum tension capacity $T_{max}$.

  • Mass of the monkey ($m$) = $40\text{ kg}$
  • Acceleration due to gravity ($g$) = $9.8\text{ m/s}^2$
  • Maximum tension of the rope ($T_{max}$) = $600\text{ N}$
  • Case: Monkey falls down the rope nearly freely under gravity.

Step 2: Analysis of Free Fall Physics

When an object is in "free fall," its downward acceleration ($a$) is equal to the acceleration due to gravity ($g$). [Per Newton's Second Law of Motion, $F_{net} = ma$].

The forces acting on the monkey are:

  • Gravitational force acting downwards: $W = mg$
  • Tension force exerted by the rope acting upwards: $T$

The equation of motion for the monkey is:

$mg - T = ma$

Step 3: Algebraic Derivation for Tension

In the case of a free-falling body, the acceleration $a = g$. Substituting $a = g$ into the equation of motion:

$mg - T = m(g)$

$T = mg - mg$

$T = 0\text{ N}$

Step 4: Comparative Analysis

We compare the calculated tension $T$ with the breaking strength $T_{max}$:

Parameter Value
Calculated Tension ($T$) $0\text{ N}$
Maximum Tension ($T_{max}$) $600\text{ N}$

Since $T < T_{max}$ ($0\text{ N} < 600\text{ N}$), the rope does not experience a force sufficient to exceed its breaking limit. [By the principle of inertial frames and gravitational acceleration, a free-falling body experiences weightlessness relative to the supporting medium].

Visual Representation of Forces

Monkey mg (Downwards) T = 0 (Free Fall)

Final Solution: The rope will not break because the tension in the rope is $0\text{ N}$, which is significantly less than the maximum capacity of $600\text{ N}$.


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